傳統與創生：文化進程中的方志纂修

Tradition and Revitalization : Compilation of Local Gazetteers during Culturalization

本文從臺灣社會與文化發展的脈絡，審視1999—2019年20年來方志面對的困境與挑戰，並思考方志如何由傳統走向創新與創生之路。文章首先回顧1977—2019年四十多年來臺灣的文化進程，發現全民共同參與的地方學逐漸成為文化主流，近二十年參與式建構地方知識的興起更值得注目。過去由專家、學者纂修的方志是建構在地知識的主要方式，1990年代以後在政府和民間的倡導下，在地知識的建構工作逐漸由下而上，並以更多元的途徑進行。近二十年方志的發展則面臨經費編列不足、地方主事者動力不強，加上政府採購法實施、地方單位缺乏行政資源，以及網路搜尋引擎的挑戰等諸多困境。未來方志的發展必須面對網路時代的需求，由使用者的角度重新出發，方志纂修仍應有一專業團隊建立架構與嚴謹之內容，繼而鼓勵民眾共筆協作，引進更多的在地資料，並建置數位平臺以方便全民搜尋取用和更新除錯。未來方志面對的是大眾，其社會責任亦隨著公眾的要求而提昇，修志者以其專業知識做為前導，帶領公眾參與，並透過數位科技達到便利、廣泛的活用。但架設網站容易，是否能長期有效維護才是關鍵，這是建置平臺或知識庫必須仔細評估的。

Within the context of Taiwan's socio-cultural development, this paper examines the predicaments and challenges for compilation of local gazetteers over the past two decades (1999-2019) and reflects on how local gazetteers progressed from tradition to innovation and revitalization. Reviewing the 40-year culturalization in Taiwan (1977-2019) reveals that public participation in local studies has gradually become the mainstream, particularly with the emergence of participatory construction of local knowledge in the past 20 years. Contrary to the traditional practice of local gazetteers compiled mainly by experts and scholars, the bottom-up and diverse approaches to local knowledge construction, promoted by both the government and the public since the 1990s, has become the current convention. Compilation of local gazetteers in the past two decades encountered predicaments including limited budget, weak motivation of local participants, constraints under the Government Procurement Act, deficient administrative resources for local units, and challenges of web search engine. Future development of local gazetteers must cater for demands of the Internet era and needs of the users. While encouraging public participation in collaborative writing and introduction of more local information, the framework and contents of local gazetteers should still be handled by professional teams to ensure comprehensiveness and rigor. Moreover, digital platforms should be constructed for the public to access and update information. Local gazetteers should become public-oriented, with increasing social responsibility under popular demands and with professional compilers leading public participation. Convenience brought by digital technology should facilitate the collection and enhance extensive application of the local knowledge. Nevertheless, it is easier to establish a website than to maintain it; hence, there should be due and thorough assessment on long-term maintenance before establishing a digital platform or knowledge base.