誰是局內人？從傳統領域到政治領域，一種治理性的可能

Who is the Insider? From Traditional Territory to Political Domain A Possibility of Governmentality

本文主要是從現今傳統領域推動的困境中，回問歷史過程中是哪些因素造成今日的問題。分析發現，不同時期的各種運動抗爭架構出國家與原住民族之間的複雜關係，同時藉由各種治理技術達成一種實踐合理性。為了維持此一合理性，並合乎某種經濟的學說或計算，及行政系統的治理性格，佈置了政治領域的「局」。這個「局」把「傳統領域」讓渡到現代國家主權的架構中，也逐漸將原本保持抵抗的人納入局內。這個納入的過程就是將傳統領域逐漸轉成政治領域的過程，使得傳統領域的概念逐步成為一種政治領域的聲稱，呈現出一種現代國家治理性的可能。本文主要藉由歷史社會學的比較方法，比較1980年代「還我土地運動」中的土地論述，以及「傳統領域」從研究調查到立法劃設的過程。兩個運動訴求的歸還土地，無意間都與保留地私有化的「我」結合。在各種行政部門進行的增／劃編保留地作業中，傳統領域的意義呈現出一種「被發明的傳統」，並在經歷各種運動與抗爭之後，以一種定置的劃界模式不斷地位移。當「還我土地」到「傳統領域」的過程中聲稱維繫傳統之際，仍置入了現代土地私有的模式，偷渡了私有化的概念，並與其合流而合理化地說服自己。

This paper mainly focuses on the predicament of the promotion of the 'traditional territory' recently, and inquires what are the factors that caused present problems in the historical processes. The analysis finds that the complex relationship between the state and the aborigines were constructed in every social movement in different periods. A variety of governance techniques were used to achieve a practical rationality. In order to maintain the rationality, it is required to conform to certain economic doctrines, calculations, and the governance character of the administrative system, and to set up a 'game' in the political domain. This 'game' also means that the 'traditional territory' has become a claim of the political rights in the framework of modern national sovereignty, and the people who originally maintained resistance have gradually been incorporated in the game. This process of incorporation has been transforming the traditional territory into a political domain, and making the concept of the traditional territory gradually become a political claim, and therefore the modern state governmentality can be realized. This paper compares the discourse of the 'traditional territory' with the Aboriginal Land Movement in the 1980s by applying the comparative method of historical sociology. The appeals of giving back the land in the two movements coincidentally both included an 'I', which is the subject of the privatization of the reserve. In the administrative processes of re-investigating and re-mapping the 'traditional territory' by the concerned government departments, the meaning of the 'traditional territory' appears as an 'invented tradition'. Practices in various social movements of the aboriginal, with a fixed demarcation model of locating, has also moved to different positions and roles. When it is claimed to maintain the tradition in the Aboriginal Land Movement and the traditional territory, preservation of tradition is still embedded in the logic of the land privatization. The land privatization has displaced the meaning of tradition as the rationality of the traditional territory.