論康熙年間顧貞觀、納蘭性德詞名消長及

The growth as well as decline of the reputation of lyrics between Gu, Zen Guan and Na Lan, Xing De

有清一代，詞家人數與創作數量上皆大幅超過前代，詞人以詞留名詞壇，然各詞家之聲名並非一成不變，而在不同時期有所升降，其中與時代風勢、詞家個人作品、遭遇、聲勢等皆有關聯。清初詞壇中，顧貞觀、納蘭性德二人皆以書寫性靈為創作主張，自立於陽羨、浙西二派之外，然透過觀察清代初年之詞選本，可知二人詞名隨時代有所消長，顧貞觀以無錫顧氏之後，在康熙初年成為詞壇一大作手，與陳維崧、朱彝尊齊名，在康熙中期後，納蘭性德以後起之秀，漸漸在選本中後來居上，最終取代顧貞觀，與陳、朱二人並駕齊驅。本文即分析其中的現象變遷及成因。

The literati in all the past dynasties composed their works masterly , which mainly aimed at expounding their ideas in writing to descendants. Nevertheless, the reputation of the literati would either ascend or descend with ages, and it was relevant to a great variety of complex factors such as the atmosphere of the current era and the circumstance of authors , instead of being decided by certain single factor. Therefore, the fad of the era could be observed through the rising and falling of the reputation of authors. At the early stage of Ching Dynasty, the style of lyrics revived after Yuan and Ming Dynasties, when lyrics style was less prosperous, and the quantities of lyricists as well as their works increased dramatically. In the meantime, the collection of lyrics was also a medium applied to enhance the theories either for factions of lyrics or individual lyricists. Hence, the quantities of creation surpassed those in Ming Dynasty. Among the works of in the lyrics extract , the prosperity and extinction of lyrics factions, the shifts of lyrics styles , and the evaluations of lyricists in different stages were able to be appreciated. Gu, Zen Guan , who was born in late Ming and grew up in early Ching Dynasty , was much older than Na Lan, Xing De, who was born in the eleventh year of Shunzhi Period (1655) . He was born in renowned ancestry and made a name for himself at his early age as well; however, the reputation in lyrics of Gu, Zen Guan was on the decrease , while that of Na Lan, Xing De was on the increase in the eighth year of Kangxi Period. As time went by, Na Lan, Xing De gradually turned out to be an significant icon of lyricists in Ching Dynasty, and the reputation of Gu, Zen Guan degraded with time. Although Gu, Zen Guan was still ranked high as an important figure in Ching Dynasty, he was inferior to Na Lan, Xing De in the quantity of lyrics collection. The text analyzed the situation about the growth as well as decline of the reputation of lyrics between Gu, Zen Guan and Na Lan, Xing De , and it also analyzed the reasons.