森林療育對復健期燒傷者生心理影響與作用機制探討

Physical and Psychological Effects of Forest Therapy and Related Working Mechanisms on Burn Survivors During their Rehabilitation Phases

森林療育於生心理健康之正向影響已有豐富實證支持，然甚少研究同時從量性與質性角度探討。本研究以具高度生心理重建需求之復健期燒傷者為研究對象，採實驗法結合問卷調查、焦點團體及個別訪談，探討其生心理影響與作用機制。以滿月圓森林遊樂區為實驗場域，招募五位燒傷者進行四次森林療育活動，每次約4.5小時。研究結果發現燒傷者的肌耐力與柔軟度有改善之趨勢，團體動力、自我覺察增加及去醫療化環境可帶動生理層面的正向改變；整體心理健康尤其自卑與失眠構面有改善之趨勢，森林環境、隱匿又開放的特性、社交互動與同儕支持、自我效能增加為帶動心理正向改變的機制。本研究結果可作為從業人員規畫森林療育與燒傷者生心理重建輔助療法之參考。

The positive effect of forest therapy on physical and psychological well-being has been proven by empirical evidence; however, few studies have discussed both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. In this study, the burn survivors with rehabilitation needs who have a high degree of physical and psychological reconstruction are taken as the research object. Experimental methods are combined with questionnaire surveys, focus groups and individual interviews to discuss their physical and psychological impact and mechanism of action. Taking the Manyueyuan Forest Recreation Area as an experimental field, five burn survivors were recruited for four times, each time about 4.5 hours of forest therapy activities. The results of the study showed improvements in the participants' cmuscle endurance and body flexibility; moreover, group dynamics, the increase of self-awareness, and nonmedical environments could be the influential factors of these positive changes. The trends of psychological improvements were observed, especially inferiority and insomnia. These improvements could also be related to the factors such as forest environment, secure and open feature of the forest, social interactions and peer support, and self-efficacy. The findings of this study could help in the future design of forest therapy and complementary interventions for burn survivors.