他者化的受難？菲律賓海燕風災的新聞論述分析

Othering Their Suffering: Taiwanese News Discourses Analysis of Philippine Typhoon Haiyan

本研究目的在於探討，新聞論述如何建構受難國成為負面的他者。本文以2013年在菲律賓釀成慘重災情的海燕風災為個案，透過論述分析的取徑，研究討論臺灣電視新聞對此災難的報導內容，以說明受難的菲律賓如何被建構為負面的他者。進一步，本研究提出研究論點是，臺灣有關菲律賓的一系列災難新聞報導，不僅是再現了臺灣對菲律賓的負面看法，這也反映出這兩個亞洲鄰國有著既存的社會與文化差異。而這項差異透過新聞論述不斷建構和自然化「進步的我們」與「落後的他們」。國際媒體難以成為容納異己、拉進兩社會文化關係的建構機制，反而是扮演一個他者化菲律賓的建構機制，使得臺灣社會以「次帝國的眼光」看待菲律賓。然而正是這樣的眼光，使臺灣在世界體系中面對核心國家的壓迫和他者化，喪失建立自我反思和建構主體性的批判思考力，進而也弱化了擺脫劣勢地位的機會。因此本文最後建議，應該建立「以人為本的視野」的臺灣國際新聞報導的視野，以減少臺灣社會「他者化東南亞（人）」的問題，同時增進自己「反被他者化」的能力。

The main aim of this study is to explore how Taiwanese news discourses construct Philippines as a negative others? By investigating Taiwanese news of Haiyan Typhoon struck the Philippines, this research finds that media representation of Philippines' suffering were a process of othering of Philippines constructs them negative Stereotype and located them in inferior position naturally. Furthermore, news discourses of Philippine suffering as an othering process not only located Philippines in an inferior position but also made Taiwan losing agency to against the othering from core countries. In the conclusion, this study made a suggestion that Taiwanese news should built a people-centered reporting approach to avoid othering Southeast Asian society. It will help Taiwan to establish more friendly imagined relations with neighboring countries in Southeast Asia. In the same time, it will improve Taiwanese' abilities to resist discrimination from others.