「人權的悖謬」和「無權利者的權利」：紀傑克論非人的激進政治化

'The Paradox of Human Rights'' and ''the Rights of the Rightless'' : Žižek on the Radical Politicization of the Inhuman

本文闡述紀傑克的實踐的反文人主義，它強調非人的重要性及其可能的政治行動。本文以難民問題為例，先指出目前將人權等同於公民權的悖謬與極限，然後說明難民問題如何能夠將人權政治轉化為非人的政治，藉此突破此一極限。作為非人的難民被排除到政治共同體之外，他們並非人道主義要去救援的對象，而是他們要賦予自身激進的政治行動的可能性。作為絕對的無權利者，難民因此有權利宣稱他們自身代表普遍人性，這不僅可以挑戰現存象徵秩序的殘酷邏輯，並且能夠透過解放他們自身來解放人性。

The essay elucidates Žižek's practical anti-humanism which places emphasis on the importance of the inhuman and the possible political consequences drawn from it. By focusing on the problem of refugees, the essay shows the limit of the politics of human rights that prioritizes citizenship, and endeavors to clarify how the refugee problem serves as an impetus that transforms radically the politics of human rights into a politics of the inhuman. The inhuman elements of refugees, derived from their being excluded from the political community, don't make them objects to be rescued by humanitarian aid but rather confer upon them the possibility of becoming the subjects of radical political acts. Refugees, as the absolute rightlessness, who have the right to assert that they themselves stand for universal humanity, not only challenge the cruel logic of the existing symbolic order, but also are capable of emancipating humanity by emancipating themselves.