具土地成本的地方公共財與產業聚集

Local Public Goods with Land Costs and Industrial Agglomeration

本研究在新經濟地理學的架構下，探討公共財之提供對於產業在兩區分佈的角色。公共財的提供考慮地租內生的土地成本以及土地稀少性資源的特性。公共財在空間上的分佈有兩類，平均分佈與集中於市中心。與Tabuchi（1998）比較，本研究指出公共財可提升效用水準而增強聚集之向心力，當兩區的運輸成本較低時，若兩區的公共財提供之稅率相等，產業分佈有兩種可能性：完全聚集於兩區中任一區或對稱分散。與Andersson and Forslid（2003）比較，本研究顯示提供公共財之稅率愈高，將造成產業分散之離心力愈強，因為地方公共財之提供需要土地投入，故而減少了住宅可使用之土地。

Under the new economic geography framework, this study analyzes the effect of provision of public goods on industrial distribution between two regions. The major properties for provision of local public goods are the endogenous land rent for land costs and the scarcity of land resources. This study explores two patterns of public goods, a uniformly spreading pattern and a concentrated pattern in the city center. Comparing with Tabuchi (1998), our model can increase the centripetal force for agglomeration due to the increase in utility level. When transportation costs are small and tax rates for provision of local public goods are equal, industrial distribution has two types, full agglomeration at one region or symmetric dispersion. However, compared with Andersson and Forslid (2003), our model shows the centrifugal force for dispersion increases with a higher tax rate because the provision of public goods needs land and thus reduces the land available for housing.