乾癬病患身體意象、焦慮、憂鬱與生活品質之相關研究

A Study of Relationships Among body Image, Anxiety, Depression and Quality of life in Patients with Psoriasis

目的：全球的盛行率約為0.09％－11.43％，至少約1億人口，各國乾癬盛行率有逐年增加趨勢，對病患造成社會心理的衝擊。本研究目的描述乾癬病患人口統計變項在身體意象、焦慮、憂鬱、生活品質的差異，以及影響生活品質之相關因素。方法：採網路自填式問卷法，電郵571位20歲以上、登錄臺灣乾癬協會會員為研究對象，經過四個月後，得出有效回收239份問卷。問卷包括「基本資料」、「身體意象量表」、「醫院焦慮憂鬱量表」以及「皮膚學生活品質問卷」。採SPSS22.0進行統計分析。結果：乾癬病患平均年齡39.14±10.60歲。乾癬病患在意身體意象，其憂鬱略高於焦慮且生活品質受到高度影響。未婚、無子女、無收入、接受生物製劑治療乾癬病患的身體意象高於已婚、有子女、有收入、無接受生物製劑治療者。乾癬病患年齡增加、憂鬱愈高、日常生活與休閒活動之生活品質愈低。身體意象與醫院焦慮憂鬱、生活品質呈低度正相關。身體意象、乾癬部位對生活品質具有顯著預測力。結論：病患持續定期治療、透過親友或加入民間社團的關心及政府醫療資源的支持。

Purposes: The global prevalence of psoriasis ranges between 0.09% and 11.43%, with at least 100 million individuals affected worldwide. In addition, the prevalence of the disease in different countries is increasing every year, causing great psychosocial impact on the patients. The aim of this study is to investigate participants' demographic variables, body image, anxiety, depression, and quality of life of patients with psoriasis as well as factors affecting their quality of life. Methods: This study utilized a web-based self-administered battery of questionnaires, which was emailed to 571 individuals who were over 20 years old and members of the Psoriasis Association Taiwan. A total of 239 completed responses were received after four months. The battery included questions on basic information, the Body Image Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Dermatological Quality of Life Questionnaire. The results were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 22.0. Results: The average age of the patients in the sample was 39.14±10.60 years. The results demonstrated that patients with psoriasis were concerned about their body image, exhibited a slightly higher degree of depression than anxiety, and had a highly compromised quality of life. The body image of patients with psoriasis who were unmarried, childless, jobless, and undergoing biological treatment was higher than that of those who were married, had children and jobs, and were not undergoing biological treatment. The quality of life and leisure activities of the patients decreased with increasing age and depression level. In addition, body image showed a weak positive correlation with hospital anxiety and depression as well as quality of life. Both the body image and the location of psoriasis were significant predictive indicators of the quality of life. Conclusions: The quality of life of patients with psoriasis can be improved by continuous regular treatment; care from relatives, friends, and civil organizations; and support from government medical resources.