日籍學習者習得「V得C」之研究：以TOCFL語料庫為例

The Acquisition of ＂V de C＂ by the Japanese Learners of Mandarin Chinese: Data from TOCFL Learner Corpus

本研究基於TOCFL學習者語料庫調查日籍學習者使用「V得C」句式的情形及偏誤情形，發現日籍學習者有偏好及窄化使用的情形，推測除了可能是因為教材多用固定形式的語法進行解說之外，日籍學習者也會常用與母語日語相近的句式。偏誤調查方面，與其他學習者相同，誤用「得」字為最多的偏誤類型，其次則為遺漏「得」字。在補語語義指向調查部分，撇除固定用法的句式後發現，當語義指向為施事者時偏誤率較低，推測因此句式對應到日語較一致，可用表示時間先後順序或是表示因果關係的「て形tekei」來表示。然而此類主要偏誤泛化使用的原因是因為「て形tekei」可表示時間先後順序或是表示因果關係，並且為複句，漢語「V得C」則主要只表示因果關係，為單句。有鑑於此，本文調查了臺灣主要的教材，發現除了大量的固定用法影響了學習者使用之外，其針對「V得C」的解釋的確也不清楚。

Analyzing the data from the TOCFL learner corpus, this research found that the Japanese students prefer to use some fixed-format expressions when using ＂V de C＂ complement sentence. This preference can be attributed to their textbooks that include many fixed grammar structures. A further analysis of the textbooks supported this explanation. The Japanese students also prefer to use the patterns that are similar to their mother language. Similar to other learners, the Japanese students’ main errors are misusage of ＂de＂ and the omission of ＂de＂. In terms of the semantic role orientation, the error rate is low when the orientation of the complement is agent, excluding the fixed form of the ＂de＂ complement sentences. But, the error pattern can be attributed to the ＂て 形tekei＂ construction in Japanese, which is similar but not identical to the Chinese ＂V de C＂ construction. However, the textbooks failed to point out and explain this critical difference.