完美主義的領域特定性：端視於個體特性及檢視的領域

Domain Specificity of Perfectionism: Depends on Whom and What the Domains Being Examined

本論文檢視完美主義是普遍性或是領域特定性，以及性別所產生的影響。研究一以幾近完美主義量表修訂中文版檢視運動員以及一般生在運動、學業領域的完美主義。研究一發現在高標準裡，領域、學群、性別的主要效果顯著，學群與領域、性別與領域間的交互作用達顯著。在相關分析部分，在運動員部分是沒有相關，但是，在一般生則呈現運動以及學業領域高標準的相關性，但如果將運動員以及一般生合併計算，則不管男性或是女性都沒有相關。因素分析顯示運動員為兩因素，但一般生為一因素。研究一高標準分數的差異以及領域間無相關的現象，基本上支持完美主義為領域特定性，但一般生在領域間高標準的相關，以及因素分析為單一因素，卻是支持完美主義跨領域的特性。基於運動與學業是向度差異非常大的領域，這可能產生兩者間的特殊性。研究二則以一般生在生活以及學業領域檢視此議題。研究二發現學業跟生活在高標準分數的差異，但性別間則無差異，性別與領域間無交互作用；相關分析部分僅女性呈現生活以及學業領域在高標準以及落差的相關性，男性則無此相關；因素分析的結果為一因子。本研究認為探討完美主義領域特定性時，需要同時考量實驗參與者對於研究者所挑選領域知覺的重要性以及領域間的相關性。

This study examined the concept of perfectionism pertaining to universality or domain specificity and observed the influence of gender on this concept. The Chinese version of the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised was used as the perfectionism index. We measured perfectionism in a certain domain by inserting the leading sentence to the questions of Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, for example, in sports. In the first study, athlete and nonathlete college students were recruited as participants. The study and sports domains were examined. This study found that the influences of the type of domain, type of participant, and gender at high standards were significant. Significant interaction was observed between the type of participants and the type of domains and gender. In a correlation analysis, a correlation was observed between the study and sports domains for nonathlete students but not for athlete participants, irrespective of the high standards or discrepancies present. No correlations were observed between the study and sports domains in terms of gender for high standards. However, a correlation was observed between study and sports domains for discrepancies for female participants. Factor analysis revealed two factors for athlete students but only one factor for nonathlete participants. The first study observed the differences between different domains in terms of the high standards and the unrelated phenomenon between the domains supported perfectionism as domain specificity, but the correlation between high standards between domains, and the result of a single factor for the non-athlete participants supports perfectionism as domain general. The second study further examined this topic pertaining to the life and study domains of college students. We observed a difference between the study and life domains in terms of the high standard scores. However, no differences were observed among genders, and there was no interaction between the gender and domain aspects. The correlational analysis revealed a significant correlation between life and study domains in terms of high standards and discrepancy for female participants but not for male participants. The factor analysis results presented a single factor. According to the results of this study, we suggested that the domain-general and domain-specific issues can be considered based on the perceived importance of the examined domain to participants and the characteristics of participants.