遊覽車駕駛人職能指標建構與分析

Constructing and Analyzing the Occpupational Competence Indicators for Tour Bus Drivers

為建構台灣遊覽車駕駛人職能指標，研究參仿歐盟、英國、美國、澳洲大客車駕駛職能制度。首先以雙三角模糊德爾菲法（Fuzzy Delphi）求得職能要素53項，並據此建構28項指標，再以模糊決策實驗室分析法（Fuzzy DEMATEL）、模糊決策實驗室分析基礎之網路層級分析法（Fuzzy DANP）及詮釋結構模式（ISM），進行影響性、重要性及優先性分析，結果以「駕駛知覺與危險感識能力」、「防衛駕駛能力」、「安全駕駛責任知能」、「安全動機知能」及「體認職業教育和訓練的重要性」等5項最具關鍵指標，屬危險感識與安全認知層面，在駕駛訓練上應優先實施；而駕駛技能以「上下坡安全駕駛」、「橫越鐵路平交道要領」、「避開具壓力困難的處境」及「不良天候駕駛能力」等較為重要，偏向於駕駛處境應變能力。

Taiwan has not yet established any bus driver competence standard, has not implemented written examination and road testing for driving license, therefore, there is a grey area in the integrity of driving skills. This study reviewed and selected some of competence items from EU Driver CPC program and from UK, US, and Australia. Moreover, this study constructed Taiwanese indicators of safe driving competence, also acquired the key factors for the promotion of driving performance. The results can be used for tour bus operators and management, as well as Highway Administration, in order to promote the driver training in the future. There are several stages in research processes. Firstly, using the double triangular Fuzzy delphi methods to select the driving competence elements of tour bus drivers, the study obtained 53 elements and accordingly constructed 28 indicators. Secondly, 28 indicators of driving safety competence were analyzed by the methods of Fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL), Fuzzy DEMATEL with Analytic Network Process (Fuzzy DANP) and Interpretive Structural Model (ISM). Consequently, the items with greatest impact and most importance were: “having knowledge and ability of safe driving responsibility”, “having knowledge and ability of safety motivation”, “defensive driving ability”, “recognizing the importance of continuous vocational education and training”, “driving awareness and hazard recognition”. These indicators are expressed as key factors for solving problems and should be considered as priority in the implementation process, most of which belong to the facet of hazard perception and safety awareness. Another analysis on driving skills of indicators showed the most important items were: “uphill and downhill safe driving on a mountain”, “railroad crossing procedures”, “avoidance of stressful/difficult situations”, “driving capability in bad weather (wind, rain, ice, snow, dew, mist)”. The competences of these items are technical in nature and should be classified as emergency maneuvers.