以兩類《薩遮尼乾子經》論兩種佛教典範理解「他者宗教」之詮釋學問題

Two Budhhist Attitudes toward Paganism

本文嘗試探索兩種佛教典範理解「他者宗教」之詮釋學問題，至於主要思考進路有二：其一，聲聞乘佛教如何理解與詮釋佛世時代的他者宗教：其二，新興的大乘佛教在與佛世時代歷史既已「脫軌」卻又嘗試「黏合」的情況下，如何創作大乘經強化自身思想正當性，進而詮釋地建構前述聲聞經裡的他者宗教形象。以上即是本文思索的課題。為順利前述課題進行，本文選取兩種佛教典範裡以薩遮尼乾子這位耆那教沙門為主角的《薩遮尼乾子經》為題材，分析兩種佛教典範詮釋該角色形象的差異處。透過本文的分析，我們結論出兩種佛教典範對他者宗教的理解與詮釋呈現巨大衝突與矛盾。本文認為兩種佛教典範對他者宗教的理解與詮釋，除了展現出呂格爾「文本詮釋理論」所謂的「遠離」與「挪為己用」的詮釋學性格外，各自聖典與佛世時代「歷史性」的契合程度也大大影響他們對於他者宗教詮釋的態度。

This paper tries to investigate the status of Paganism which existed in two kinds of Buddhist sects' texts but in utterly different explanations. We have two approaches to query this topic. Firstly, how does Savakayana Buddhism understand and explain the Paganism existed in Buddha's era? Secondly, during the procession of the newly rising Mahayana Buddhism which parted far away from Buddha's era trying to strengthen and rationalize itself by creating Mahayana sutras, how does it reconstruct the new image of the Paganism which already existed in ancient Savakayana Sutras. We are pandering here about these two questions. To proceed smoothly these questions above, this paper chooses the Nigaṇṭhaputta Sutra of two Buddhist sects and its important figure, the Nigaṇṭhaputta, a famous leading ascetic of Jainism, as our research object. By analyzing the conflicting images from these two knids of Buddhist sects's understanding and explaination, we point out that these conflicting images not merely present the Hermeneutical character of 'distanciation' and 'appropriation' which mentioned by Paul Ricoeur, more than the consistency of two Buddhist sects's text and historicity also greatly effects their attitudes toward other Paganism.