趙炳香火的歷史考察

The history of the cult of Zhao Bing

趙炳為後漢浙江的方士，擅長以禁法療疾，被章安令殺害。他是最早入傳正史的道教人物之一，宋朝屢屢受封，是浙江中部和東部的一位頗為重要的地方神，香火至今不衰。本文通過對歷史資料、道教經典的發掘並結合田野考察，對趙炳一系列稱呼的來源、道教、佛教、國家和地方社會的角色和作用、與道教禁法的關係等問題進行考證和研究，力圖勾勒出這個古老的香火從漢末到民國早期發展的歷史軌跡，並探討其意義。

Zhao Bing was a magician from Zhejiang in the Later Han dynasty. Skilled in healing through exorcism, he was put to death by the Magistrate of Zhang' an. He was one of the earliest Daoist figures to have a biography in an official dynastic history, and in the Song dynasty he was repeatedly granted imperial titles. In central and eastern Zhejiang he became a relatively famous local divinity, and his cult remains active up to the present day. This article, through the examination of historical materials and Daoist texts as well as fieldwork, and through the consideration of a whole range of sources-such questions as Daoism, Buddhism, the role and influences of national and local societies, and the relation to Daoist exorcism-proposes to advance examination and study and to give an outline of the evolving historical position of his cult from the end of the Han to the Republican period, and finally to explore its significance.