英文摘要 |
Early Taoist texts express three different attitudes towards medical treatment in medieval China. Some Taoists rejected ordinary medical treatments, including acupuncture, moxibustion and drugs. Some partially accepted ordinary medical treatment, but maintained that in addition to taking medicine, one should practice Taoist ritual. In treating illness, these Taoists neither relied solely upon ordinary medical treatment nor paid much attention to it. Some religious Taoists, however, wholly approved of ordinary medical treatment. Although they agreed that medicine was neither the only solution to illness nor the best way to immortality, they proposed that all religious Taoists should learn and practice mainstream therapeutic techniques. In general, within early religious Taoism attitudes toward ordinary medical treatment varied from sect to sect, and closely interacted with divergent concepts of illness, health and immortality. Social background, education, and career also seem to have played an important role in determining the attitudes of religious Taoists. |