基督教與天主教的宗教交談：基督徒的自由

The Interfaith Dialogue between Protestants and Catholics: The Christian Freedom

本文探討路德神學重要觀念「自由」，期待在「自由」的主題上得到進一步的相互了解，以深化基督教與天主教的宗教對談。本文由路德的主張出發，以天特大會的相關決議做為對照，並且參照其他宗教改革者的觀點，繼之以對自由的意涵做觀念澄清，最後參照當代天主教神學家拉納以及國內天主教學界對自由的觀點，嘗試對雙方的立場做一釐清。本文發現，事實上雙方均主張「積極自由」，亦即主張出於自身意願去做，而反對外加指示應當如何去做。而且，本文認為，若是能夠釐清實然的「原初狀況下的自由」與應然的「成熟狀況下的自由」之分際，在應然的「成熟狀況下的自由」方面，基督教與天主教實在有很大的交集。關於教義的爭辯，常常帶來無止境的衝突與誤解，而出於信仰的行動卻可能帶來合一，在「基督徒自由」上尋求共識，可以成為宗教對談的新契機，因為自由的議題是直接關係到行動，盼望「教義」上的歧見能夠透過建立「行動」的共識而走向化解。

The concept of freedom as a central concept of Luther's theology is explored with an expectation that the mutual understanding will be promoted, and that the interfaith dialogue between Protestants and Catholics will be deepened. We start with the position of Luther with a contrast to the position of Trent Council and then refer to the viewpoints of other Reformers. After exploring the implications of the concept of freedom, and referring to the viewpoint of the modern Catholic theologian K.Rahner and the relevant discussion of the Catholic scholars in Taiwan, we try to clarify both the positions of Protestants and Catholics. We find out that both sides have contended for the 'positive freedom', that is to say, the Christian freedom is a 'want to do' from one's own will, rather than an 'ought to do' imposed by others. And both sides have much crossover of 'the mature state of freedom' apart from 'the elementary state of freedom'. The disputation about the doctrines usually brings in the endless confrontations and misunderstandings. But the action originated from faith might bring in the unity. We therefore believe that the consensus of the Christian freedom could be a breakout point for the interfaith dialogue, because the concept of freedom is directly related to action. The discrepancy of doctrines might be resolved through the consensus of action.