城市建設與圖像表達：以 1766 年臺灣知府蔣允焄《東瀛紀典》為例

City Construction and Its Pictorial Expression: The Case of The Construction Record of Eastern Overseas by Taiwan Prefect Jiang Yunxun

本文以十八世紀臺灣府城作為具體個案，討論在府縣城這樣的地方行政城市，於城內辛勤工作的清朝各級文武官員如何布置其工作場所。除了建立與調整能滿足其行政、防衛、交通和經濟需要的空間結構外，官員在城市中建設最醒目的建築，往往是官祀、官學、城門等國家禮儀的展演空間，這些官方的儀式建築也就形成今日對清代臺南城市樣貌的基本印象。透過臺灣知府蔣允焄於乾隆31年（1766）刊印的《東瀛紀典》，有助於在宮廷檔案與地方志之外，看見地方官對於府城作為行政與禮儀空間的經營、理念及行動。本文首先梳理蔣允焄的仕宦經歷及其在臺南的形象，並探討《東瀛紀典》的成書過程、內容特色與時代意義；蔣元樞的知名作品《重修臺郡各建築圖說》在圖、說並陳的結構形式上應是受到蔣允焄《東瀛紀典》的影響。其次，本文認為十八世紀是形塑清代臺南城市面貌最重要的時期，其中蔣允焄和蔣元樞的貢獻最大，其所建設的各式建築不僅表現官員自身的選擇與意志，也對府城紳商和地方社會產生實質的影響與意義。最後，透過《東瀛紀典》與《重修臺郡各建築圖說》等材料，分析十八世紀任職於帝國邊疆行政中心的地方官員如何以圖像及文字表達其認知中官方行政及禮儀空間的理想樣貌，進而影響了今日吾人對清代臺南歷史空間的認識。

Using the case of the prefectural capital of Taiwan in the eighteenth century, this article explores how Qing civil officials designed and set up their workplaces in an adminsitrative city. Besides infrastructural establishments for meeting administrative, defensive, transportation, and economic needs, the most noticeable constructions in the prefectural city are usually official temples, government schools, and city walls, the remains of which constitute the typical impression of present-day Tainan. The Construction Record of Eastern Overseas published by Taiwan Prefect Jiang Yunxun in 1766 offers clues to understanding the ideas of local officials and the actions they took to transform a Qing local city into an administrative and ceremonial space. This article first introduces Jiang Yunxun's official career, the legends and memories regarding him in Tainan, and the book-making process. Reviewing contents of his book and comparing city constructions erected at his initiative would shed light on the historical significance of his contribution to establishing a prefectural city. The eighteenth century was coinsidered crucial to the shaping of the urban landscape of Tainan. Successive Taiwan Prefects Jiang Yunxun and Jiang Yuanshu contributed most to Tainan's city planning. Their constructions also influenced local gentry-merchants and the society. Finally, pictorial gazetteers such as The Construction Record of Eastern Overseas reveal how Qing local officials expressed the ideal appearance of official administrative and ceremonial spaces, all of which have contributed to our understanding of present-day Tainan.