德國母子同監制度之探討

On the Issues of Mother-child-equipment in Prison in Germany

當女性面臨自由刑時，其實與男性並沒有差別，但是基於男女生理的角色分配，女性經由懷孕與之後的生產，在許多情形下又承擔了孩童的照顧責任，所以一旦面臨監禁立即產生如何履行對自己子女的照顧責任以及在監禁期間孩童福祉的確保的問題。德國自30年代後期開始允許女性受刑人將子女攜入監獄同住，後來在1976年建置了第一座母子同監設施（Mutter-Kind-Einrichtung）。在德國於監獄行刑領域而言，應關注與母親（受刑人）同住於母子同監設施中的孩童，也就是因為孩童並非入監服刑者，以法律觀點來說，應考量孩童進入監獄與母親（受刑人）同住是否會損及其基本權利的保障，又以孩童福祉觀點來說，國家則應考量孩童的日常生活是否因監獄行刑的過程而受到機構化的影響。基此，本文即以德國母子同監制度為出發，介紹在德國的母子同監設施之相關問題探討。或許可供我國在攜子入監制度的法律規範或實務運作上之未來改革參考。

In the comparison to men prisoners, imprisoned women adapt herself the custody situation relatively fast in the penal system. On the basis of her sex-specific socialization, women are not inclined to process her problems, for example her illness, apathy and aggressions can not be expressed. Also through the circumstance that her freedom penalties are shortly, the danger originates that her worries, her separation pain to the families and children, her debt and shame leave remains. The regulation of the treatment needs of imprisoned women and imprisoned mothers in mother-child-equipment therefore works out as difficult, because there are very small number of view sample in prison. It is the goal of the empirical slice of my examination, the conditions of the women in the penal system and the conditions in mother-child-equipment in Taiwan to figure out. Then with the concept and the practical experiences of the treatment of imprisoned women and the situation of mother-childequipment in Germany could be brought for the Taiwanese prison a proposal review.