公民參與觀點論中國大陸的鄰避衝突治理——以臺灣三峽瀝青廠處理經驗為例

Governance on the NIMBY Conflict in the Perspective of Public Participation: Case Study on SanXia Asphalt Plant in Taiwan

隨著環境問題的大幅度增長以及公民意識的不斷覺醒，鄰避運動（NIMBY）將環境污染及其引發的社會衝突推至風口浪尖，引起了社會大眾的廣泛關注（彭小兵，鄒曉韻2017: 150-155）。根據上海交通大學民意與輿情調查研究中心《2015中國城市居民環保意識調查》的''環境污染評估''和''鄰避情結測評''資料，65.3%的民眾會在建設鄰避設施時提出抗議，並且當引發的環境問題沒有得到完善處理時，會有有53.8%的民眾會繼續選擇抗爭（中國環境報2015年12月22日第八版）。受到影響更為嚴重的情況下，許多地方顯現出由鄰避情結轉化成劇烈衝突與暴力對抗的情形、鄰避效應逐漸被視為引發具有社會危害的群體性事件的導火線（彭小兵，鄒曉韻2017: 150-155）。

With the development of economy and society, residents are increasingly opposed to the construction used by product harm projects in the vicinity of their houses. As NIMBY conflicts are more and more frequent, NIMBY conflicts and their governance have become a hot topic in academic. The study on NIMBY conflict in Taiwan was early and mature. Therefore, this paper selects Taiwan SanXia asphalt factory as a case to provide reference for solving NIMBY conflict incidents in mainland China. This article through text analysis, analyzing citizen’s participation in the role of influence government decision-making, and how to influence government decision-making system. The citizen participation can provide suggestions for government decision-making and avoid conflicts. The research focus on how to avoid the occurrence of NIMBY conflicts and how citizens influence and promote government decision-making through citizen participation mechanism in the process of NIMBY conflicts. This research shows that only when civic participation is regarded as a''legitimate'' action can it provide an acceptable basis for the settlement of NIMBY conflict. As an ideal NIMBY conflict avoidance procedure, it not only needs an institutionalized citizen participation mechanism, but also requires the government, media and other subjects to fully define their own roles, take common goals as the guidance, promote scientific decision-making, and realize effective environmental governance.