無人駕駛汽車的通信和網絡挑戰

On Communication and Networking Challenges of Autonomous Vehicles

近年來，提高車聯網（V2X）通信，包括聯網的性能和穩定性均對汽車產業產生重要的挑戰，開啟研究新途徑，並對該領域進行廣泛的研究。因此，本研究不僅高度重視車輛，行人的智能電話和其他周邊的互聯協調，同時也為下一代自動駕駛汽車奠定研究基礎。如今，大多數新車都透過內置的WiFi（無線上網）和GSM（全球移動通信系統）進行「連接」。無線連接主要用於通信，而互聯網則用於資訊娛樂服務。然而，根據資料顯示，自動駕駛汽車在第五代移動網絡之後才能實現，並且要顯著改善網絡性能和等待時間。此外，5G的框架將提供可靠即時共享安全訊息和道路資訊。此外，由於車聯網（V2X）和5G的融合，出現了新問題和新挑戰，例如道路安全應用的安全性和決策的準確性。在本文中，本研究提供了一個框架，以增進對車聯網（V2X）的了解，並舉例說明了車聯網（V2X）潛在的交流與合作的例子。

In recent years, improving performance and robustness of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, networking and cooperation has been challenging for automobile industries, which opens new avenues for researchers and demands extensive investigations in the field. This urges us to pay high attention not only to the connected coordination of vehicles, smart-phone of pedestrians and/or other road-side units, but also the need of building up a foundation for the future generation autonomous vehicles. Nowadays, most new vehicles are‘connected’through inbuilt WiFi and GSM(Global System for Mobile Communications) interfaces. The wireless connections are mainly for communications and the Internet access for infotainment services. However, most recent works has reported that autonomous vehicles are realizable only after the deployment of fifth generation mobile networks with notable improvement in the network performance and latency. Moreover, 5G provides reliable framework for instant sharing of safety messages and road information. Furthermore, resulting from the convergence of V2X and 5G, new issues and challenges are inevitable, such as security and precision of decision for road safety applications. In this paper, we provide a framework to promote the understanding of V2X and illustrate examples for potential communication and cooperation of the V2X.