對外漢語文化教材中的厚古薄今現象分析──基於對外漢語文化教材和問卷調查的分析

An Analysis of the Ancient-Oriented Textbooks on Chinese Culture: Based on Textbook Analysis and Questionnaire Survey

本研究對來自韓國、日本、美國、西班牙、法國、俄羅斯等國的67名外國留學生進行問卷調查，分析外國留學生學習中華文化的目的與最想瞭解的中華文化內容。問卷調查發現，大部分留學生更期望瞭解現當代中國，而學漢語的目的大都為更好地適應中國的生活以及在將來和中國展開貿易往來。本研究進而對當前中國大陸對外漢語文化教材進行分析並發現現存大陸的大部分文化教材存在厚古薄今現象，這些教材過於偏重中國古代文化的介紹，不能如實反映當今中國人的生活面貌，甚至容易給漢語學習者造成誤導，對中華文化的傳播不利，也滿足不了學習者的學習需要。結合問卷調查和對對外漢語教學文化教材的分析，我們認為對外漢語文化教材應當立足于現當代中華文化的介紹，側重介紹中華文化的當代形式。最後，研究建議，我們在對外漢語語言教學和文化教材編撰中，應當考慮如何建構一個新的中華文化身份，致力於當代中華文化的傳播與介紹，以更好地傳播和發揚中華文化。

This research, based on a questionnaire survey among 67 overseas students from South Korea, Japan, U.S.A., Spain, France and Russia, analyses their aim of learning Chinese culture and their most-favored cultural elements. The questionnaire survey finds that most of the overseas students expect more exposure to modem Chinese culture and their aim of learning Chinese is to better a adjust life in China and to conduct business with Chinese in the future. This research further investigates the textbooks on Chinese culture and finds that most of the textbooks on Chinese culture are ancient-oriented and cannot represent the modem Chinese life, which may cause misconception and hinder the promotion of Chinese culture. The research concludes that textbooks on Chinese culture should set the focus on modem or contemporary Chinese culture and the compilation of textbooks of Chinese culture should take the modem Chinese identity construction into consideration to better promote Chinese language and culture.