宋代成都玉局觀藥市的宗教性

Religiosity of the Temple Fair near the Yuju Temple in Chengdu in the Song Dynasty

唐宋之間的蜀地，出現以特定商品為名、定期集散的集市，其中以蠶市與藥市的記載較為豐富。有些學者注意到部分這類集市在寺觀祠廟等宗教場所附近集散，便以宋代文獻中的廟市一詞，比附歐洲宗教節日時的集市（fair），但對這類廟市中宗教與商業如何結合少有討論，多數研究更認為這些集市是純商業性的活動。本文以這類廟市中與宗教關係最密切的成都玉局觀藥市為例，論證此藥市是一具有宗教性的廟市。首先，分析玉局觀的聖地形象，及道教在北宋蜀地與九月九日風俗的結合。其次，討論玉局觀藥市中藥材與藥物的內容，並考察這些商品與道教的關係。復次，探求玉局觀藥市如何被視為異人出現，或仙人施藥度人，以及民眾尋求遇仙、得藥而求不死的空間。透過上述討論，可說明時人追求長生、成仙等願望如何促進此藥市的發展，並擴充成都九月九日的活動內容。

This article analyzes the formation of the “medicine fair” (yaoshi 藥市) held annually on September 9 near the Yuju Temple 玉局觀 in Chengdu to demonstrate the religiosity of this temple fair (miaoshi 廟市) in the Song dynasty. In it, I argue that this temple fair contributed to rewriting the legendary origin of the temple and redefining the customs of Double Ninth Festival 重陽節. I investigate the relation between medicine on the market and Daoist medicine. I show that many common people attended this temple fair to pursue their own longevity and immortality. Through the investigation of this temple fair, we can understand the various needs of people who came to this temple fair, and how these Daoist elements enriched the activities in the Double Ninth Festival in Chengdu in Song.