唐蕃「官員退休」的用語及其文化背景之探討

The Terms of Officials’ Retirements and their Cultural Backgrounds in the T'ang Dynasty and Tibet

吐蕃係青康藏高原上首創王朝體制的政權，於官員的退休方面，在無前例參照的情況下，因與唐朝密切交流，吐蕃或多或少受到中原王朝影響，制定官員退休的辦法。然而因文獻難徵，留存至今的吐蕃文獻中，僅有三位官員退休的案例。本文擬利用此三案例，瞭解吐蕃官員退休的用語及相關情況，並與唐朝官員退休的實例、用語、辦法相比較，探討唐蕃雙方官員退休體制是否有所關連，及其文化背景為何。

Tibet during the T’ang period was the political base for the first creation of an imperial system on the Tibetan Plateau. Lacking precedent regarding bureaucrats’ retirements, due to the intimate interaction between Tibet and the T’ang dynasty, Tibet perhaps was influenced by the T’ang dynasty in setting up its officials’ retirement method scheme. Documentation is scarce at present. Among the remaining ancient Tibetan documents, there are just three known examples of Tibetan officials’ retirement. This article uses these three examples to understand the terms and related issues of the Tibetan officials’ retirements. It also presents these actual Tibetan officials’ retirement examples and related terms and methods in comparison with T’ang dynasty examples; secondly, it discusses if the official retirement systems in the T’ang and Tibet were connected as well as the cultural backgrounds behind them.