專家身體技能之特點與對自動化原則的檢討

The Characteristic of Expert Bodily Skill and a Critique of the Principle of Automaticity

蒙特羅批評「自動化原則」對於專家身體技能的描述，雖然自動化原則似乎是廣泛流傳的說法。自動化原則主張：當進行順暢時，專家的演出是自動化的，而且並未包含自我反思與心力的運用。筆者認為蒙特羅的批評以及自動化原則皆有其有理之處，因此著手將兩者有理的主張整合起來，再和從詹姆士與杜威的相關想法發展出來的主張相結合，而提出了一套對於專家身體技能的正面描述。

Barbara Montero argues against what she calls “the principle of automaticity,” even though this principle seems to be widely held. This principle offers an account of expert bodily skill, claiming that when all is going well, expert performance is automatic and involves neither significant self-reflective thinking nor mental effort. In this paper, it is argued that both the principle of automaticity and Montero's positive thesis contain plausible thoughts, and a better characterization of expert bodily skill is provided by incorporating tenable ideas from the principle of automaticity, from Montero, from William James, and from John Dewey respectively.