建構以「系統障礙排除」為目的之「新刑事司法轉向機制」──以日本「醫療事故調查制度」為考察起點

Constructing a ＂New Criminal Justice Diversion Mechanism＂ for the Purpose of ＂System Barrier Elimination＂: Taking Japan's ＂Medical Accident Investigation System＂ in 2014 as a Starting Point

傳統所理解之（刑事司法）轉向機制係以「非刑罰化」為目的，但傳統機制並不適合用於處理系統性事故有涉及犯罪之情形。因而本文主張，有必要建構一個以「系統障礙排除」為目的之「新轉向機制」以為對應。為此，本文以系統性事故之典型例即醫療事故作為考察的起點來展開析論。具體上，擬以日本2014年所新設「醫療事故調查制度」作為基調檢討之素材，進行比較法的考察，並以此為起點，展開總論性的研究。蓋日本新制之目的，與本文所提案「新轉向機制」之目的互有合致，於此意義上，對於嘗試建構「新轉向機制」理型（ideal model）之本文目的而言，自係具有比較法研究上的實益性乃至於必要性。本文研究架構，係先論析日本新制之內涵、機能乃至於問題點，再進一步從總論性觀點析出對我國之啟示，最後將以此為基礎，建構出「新轉向機制」理型之具體雛形。

Traditionally, the (criminal justice) diversion mechanism is understood as to achieve ＂decriminalization＂, but the traditional mechanism is not suitable for dealing with systemic accidents involving crimes. Therefore, this paper argues that it is necessary to construct a ＂new diversion mechanism＂ with the purpose of ＂system barrier elimination＂ to address this issue. To this end, this paper uses the typical example of systemic accidents, namely medical accidents, as a starting point for the research. Specifically, this paper intends to introduce the newly established ＂Medical Accident Investigation System＂ in Japan in 2014 as the foundational reviewing material for a comparative law research as a starting point for a general research. The purpose of new investigation system in Japan is in line with the purpose of the ＂new diversion mechanism＂ proposed in this paper. In this sense, the purpose of trying to construct the ＂new diversion mechanism＂ ideal model is practical and fundamental in terms of the comparative law research. This paper firstly analyzes the structure, content, function, and problems of the new Japanese system, and further examines its implication and significance relevant to the system in Taiwan. Lastly, based on the analyses and discussions, this paper accordingly constructs an ideal model of the ＂new diversion mechanism＂.