關於明治武士道之一考察－－《現代大家武士道叢論》與浮田和民之武士道

A Study on the Bushido in Meiji: Focus on Gendaitaikasoron and the Bushido of Ukita Kazutami

以忠孝為頂點之明治武士道逐漸確立滲透，終至二戰期間竟成為政治宣傳工具，明治武士道究竟是如何的由帝國新時代之道德轉折蛻變成軍國主義精神？啟人疑竇，不可忽視。歷來之研究，雖已有觸及明治武士道之內容，但幾乎是自武士道與國家主義之融合等進行論述，罕有言及武士道自身之轉折。本研究則以此時期之《現代大家武士道叢論》及浮田和民之武士道論述為對象，重新展開探討。其結果獲知，佐藤對浮田論戰實際上是基督教價值觀的浮田和民對武德中心的武士道所進行的改革挑戰；浮田是主張一種工商業導向的人格道德中心之武士道，然而，此武士道論在論戰中受挫，同時也意味著軍方的武德中心之武士道獲得多數認同，武士道在此曲折轉向為以武德為中心，並間接的成為日後軍國主義之源頭。

The Bushido in Meiji, with ＂Chuko (loyalty and filial piety)＂ as the apex, established itself and permeated gradually. Finally, it became political propaganda during WWII. How did the Bushido of the Meiji era transform into militarism via the imperial morality of a new epoch? It is doubtable, and should not be neglected. In past studies, although there were discussions of the contents of Meiji Bushido, hardly any of them approached the issue from the perspectives of the integration of Bushido and nationalism, not to mention exploring the transformation of Bushido itself. This study would like to reappraise the subject from the perspectives of Gendaitaikasoron and the Bushido of Ukita Kazutami. The results indicate that Sato's opinion of Ukita's treatise on war was actually a challenge on the reformation of Bushido that centered on ＂Butoku＂ (martial virtue) along with the values of Christianity. In fact, Ukita advocated a kind of business-oriented Bushido, with an emphasis on personality and virtue. This kind of Bushido encountered setbacks in the debate. Likewise, Bushido had its route shifted and began to focus on ＂Butoku (martial virtue).＂ Indirectly, it became known as the origin of militarism in later times.