利用綠肥及其他有機物質改良洋菇覆土及生產之研究

Improvement of Casing Soil by the Use of Green Manure and Other Organic Residues for Mushroom Production

本試驗包括利用綠肥及其他植物殘體改良洋菇覆土之田間試驗配合洋菇覆土栽培實驗兩部分，茲將主要結果摘要如次：一、利用植物殘體改良洋菇覆土之田間試驗，在田間容水量狀態下，各種植物殘體之分解均甚速，但爬拉草及假滿天星較緩於綠肥作物。至於就提高土壤有效水分含量之功效而言，則各種植物殘體對耕犁層改良之效果皆大於表土層。二、配合洋菇覆土中添加不同種類之有機殘體，堆積時間之長短不同時，製成之覆土性質差異極大。多汁柔嫩者，配合量宜稍多，且大約經3個月或更短時間之堆積即可利用，反之，則配合量宜較少，且需經6個月或以上堆積後方可利用。三、配合洋菇覆土經堆積後，倘其中有機質部分仍呈纖維質狀態，不論其有效水分保持量多少，粒團之分佈如何，均不能有助於洋菇之生產。反之，倘有機物呈無定形狀態，其含量在接近5~10℃範圍，有效水分含量中等，皆可提高洋菇之產量。

An improvement of casing soil by using green manure and other organic residues under open-air conditions and a series of artificial mixed casing soils for mushroom production in mushroom-house were described in this paper. The chief results were summarized as follows: 1. The analytical data of field samples showed that under open-air conditions and constant field capacity moisture level, all kinds of the experimental plant residues were very rapidly decomposed, but still there were some differences between the residues. For instance, the pars-grass and chaff-flower were decomposed somewhat slower than that of the green manure residues. On improving of available moisture capacity, it was indicated that when the residues plowed into the soil and after a period of decomposing, the available moisture content of the plow layer can be risen to a higher level, while the surface layer was only with a little influence. 2. The physical and chemical properties of the artificial mixed casing soils were varied with the quantity and kinds of the experimental residues and the duration of stacking period. The readily decomposing residues can be used in a larger quantity and a shorter period of piling. In the other case, for the more difficult decomposing residues, smaller quantity should be used and a longer period of piling isneeded. 3. After a period of stacking. when the organic portion of the artificial mixed casing soils still have a large amount of unhumified states, which may not give a satisfactory result of mushroom production; even the available moisture content was high, the distribution of aggregates was reasonable. Otherwise, when the organic residues become amorphous materials, the organic matter content was at or near 5-10%, and the available water content was in medium level, at such combination of conditions, it will yield a better crop.