香蕉堦段栽培與肥料效應之研究

Experiment of Fertilization on Bananas on Terrace Land of Taiwan

1.本試驗目的為研究香蕉堦段栽培與肥料對香蕉產量、品質、生育成熟日數之影響。2.試驗結果：三要素完全區無論對幹高、幹徑、葉長、葉寬及單株果段、果指數及產量多均優於其他肥料處理。三要素區之產量四年單株平均達16.88公斤，比對照區（無肥區）高68.64%。又以NPK比PK、NK、NP各組可增產20.30%至26.64%；至於PK、NK、NP三區間，差異不顯著。對無肥區可增產33.17~40.18%。故證明山地香蕉施肥必須三要素完全配合，不可缺乏任何一種元素。三要素與NK配合區均可以提早開花與採收。尤其是第三、四代，差異均呈顯著。磷鉀合理配合可以促進幹高、幹徑、葉長、葉寬。本試區坡度達20度以上，由於做堦段時未做表土處理，但第一年產量較坡地栽培者減產達24.32%。惟隨年代之增加，差異逐漸減少。坡地栽培經五年種植後，表土沖刷達15.3公分，損失嚴重。證明香蕉仍必需行堦段栽培及表土處理。山地香蕉栽培，不同年代採收對於果產有極顯著差異，以第三年代果產最高，第四年逐漸降低，因病害收穫率亦減低，故收4~5年代後，應該更新。

1. This trial is aimed to figure out the possible fertilizer reactions of yield, quality and plantation longitivity under terrace planting condition. 2. The trial covers the span of 4 continuous crops, a planting and 3 ratoons, from June 1962 to June 1967. 3. Under factorical design every one of the three blocks is splited into two mainplots terraced and sloped, and five fertilizer combination subplots, say NPK, NE, NP, PK and CE. Fertilizing dosages are: Urea 320gr/pt, super-calcium-phosphate 600gr/pt, potash chloride 700gr/pt. 4. Followings re the results of this trial: a. There is a significant yield (per plant) thrives at treatment NPK while all other fertilized treatments are superior to the unfertilized CE. At the base of 4-crop average, NPIC treatment leads 68.6% over CK, and NP, NE, PK 33.17% to 40.15%. In both slope and terrace plantations the 3rd and 4th crops (2nd and 3rd ratoons) thrive the leading yield. b. At any combination with potash, potash gives plant a better vegetative growth. So the NP treatment is almost as bad as unfertilized CK in leaf width, leaf length, pseudostem height and pseudostem perimeter. c. Days from planting to shooting and harvesting can not be shorten by fertilizing at first 2 crops (planting and 1st ratoon), but significantly hastened at 3rd and 4th Crops (2nd and 3rd ratoons). d. The test frost in February 1963 unveils that NPIC treatment gives young plant (ten months old) more resistance while the NE and PK thrive the second. The unfertilized CE was severely damaged. e. As for the errosion of surfacesoil, the slope plantation soil runs off averagely 15.3 cm over 5 years while terrace one only 7.2 cm, the later is not lost but immigrated from the upper terrace to the lower. 5. Discussion That slope plantation composes a constant yield-increasing potentiality, of 24.30% at the first year and deceased to 10% at the 4th year, over those of the terrace one, unveils the fact that the steepness of the original slope of the terrace is another limiting factor especially when the slope is some 22 to 23 degree and the terrace is young. Lack of surface-soil-cares when building the terrace plays bulk tribute to this unexpecting drawback. But any way, say in a span of more than six to seven years, the steep terrace would still out-match the slope. Other similary trial under a slope of only 8-10 degree, terrace platation thrives the same at first 2 crops and significantly over sloped one after the third crop (2nd ratoon). Referring to the trial at less steepness condition and the undebated fact of run-off-killing effect, terrace would thrives over slope in banana culture.