II.蔬菜及其他特殊植物中各部位之果膠含量

Part II. Pectin content in the component part of vegetables and some other plants

為調查臺灣果膠資源，繼水果之後對蔬菜、特用作物及其他植物中果膠含量情形測定之，茲將其結果摘述如下：（1）蔬菜中果膠之含量一般都很低，大多為0.2%以下，而超出0.5%者為數甚少。其中以果菜類與根菜類果膠含量較多，葉菜頦與花菜類次之，而莖菜類中含量最少。（2）愛玉鮮果中含果膠約2%，因其不適於大量栽培，產量不高，且作愛玉冰之銷路不錯，故價格昂貴，似有未便當做果膠之資源。他如本省尚有大宗之廿蔗榨渣及香蕉、鳳梨之莖、葉等，其果膠含量均甚少，作為果膠資源似無希望。（3）提鍊果膠最有希望之材料首推柑桔類之皮，依次為香蕉皮、百香果皮、檬果皮等，此等均為本省現有大量加工之廢物。火焰菜頭及瑞典蕪菁兩種在本省視為飼料作物，其膠果含量亦不少，又因易於栽培，產量豐富，甚有為了提鍊果膠而展開大量栽培之可能性。其他為世人所忽略者如大王椰子、桉樹等之葉，甚至野草羊蹄之葉，其果膠含量達0.75%以上，亦頗值得注意。

The pectin content in the component part of various·fruits have been reported by the authors(6), and an analogeous investigation on various vegetables and some other plants produced here in Taiwan is carried out. Total pectin content in each part of the samples are determined by chela­tometric titration and expressed as calcium polygalacturonatet(5,6), This expressed value will be more accurate but still smaller than the. calcium pectate determined by the well-known Carre & Hayness gravimetric method(7). Generally, vegetables contain pectin less than 0.2%, and rarely contain more than 0.5% . Amongthem, fruit crops and root crops are comparatively rich in pectin, nextly ranked with leaf crops and flower crops, and commonly less than 0.1% of pectin is found in stem crops. As to other plants, about 296 pectin is detected from the fruit of Ficus Awkeotsang. but in accordance with it slow yield and high price, it is. unsuitable to be as a resource of pectin. Sugar cane, banana and pineapple are grown in extreme amount in this island, but the bagasse from sugar manufactories, or such as stem and leaf of pineapple and banana are v_ery poor in pectin conent. Table beet and .rutabaga are cultivated as fodder crops here in Taiwan, t.hey contains pectin in fairly rich amount and easy to grown with high yield, it may be possible to develope another system of cultivation for the purpose of extracting pectin. It must consider that some other plants such as royal palm, Tasmanian blue gums, and Rume:c crispus etc. are also containing pectin more than 0.75% in their leaves. As a Conclusion of our survey on pectin resources in Taiwan, it is best to use those abundant waste p1eels of some fruits from our canneries, such. as citrus, banana, passion fruit and mango as raw material to extract pectin.