自美國引進之芒果品種之性狀調查報告

A SURVEY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AMERICAN MANGOS

民國43（1954）年農復會自美國弗州引進芒果五品種。即愛文、海頓、吉祿、肯特及凱特。自47年開始結果，至53年栽培已達10年，茲將10年來五品種生育之情形、葉部特徵、果實特徵果實產量及炭疽病發生之情形調察報告如下：1.五品種7年之平均產量以愛文最高，每株為24公斤，其次為海頓與吉祿，各為15及14公斤再次為凱特與肯特各為12及8公斤。五品種7年內平均每株最高之產量，亦以愛文最高，為49公斤，其餘四品種之最高產量為海頓32公斤，吉祿35公斤，凱特19公斤，肯特13公斤。2.五品種中肯特與凱特比較晚熟（8-10月），適逄颱風季節，易招致颱風損害而落果。愛文、海頓、吉祿三品種為早熟種（5-7月），在颱風季節來臨以前即行採收，故栽培甚為安全；加之產量高，纖維少，果皮紅潤，鮮艷奪目，品質佳良，在本省南部甚有推廣價值。3.根據五品種果實之特徵擬定品種檢素表一種。

(1) Five varieties of Amercian mango were mtroduced from Florida by the Joint Commission on Rura1 Reconstruction in 1954. They are Irwin, Haden, Zill, Kent and Ceitt which began to bear fruits in Fengshen Tropical Exper­iment Station in 1958. The cha racteristics of the tree, leaf, fruit, the infection of anthracnose disease anq the yields from 1958 to 1964 of these five varieties were surveyed. (2) Irwin gives the highest average yield 24.064 kg. per year per tree. The average yields of Haden, Zill, Kent and Keitt are 15.947, 14.456, 12.400 and 8.665 kg. respectively per year per tree. In the recent seven years, the highest average yield of Irwin was 49.529 kg. per tree in 1961, but the highest ;:i.verage yields of Haden, Zill, Kent and Keitt are 32.265 kg. in 1964, 35.305 kg. in 1964, 13.892 kg. in 1961 and 19.361 kg. in 1962 respectively. (3) Among the five varieties Kent and Keitt are late varieties which riped from August to October just in the typhoon season. The typhoon often causes serious damage to them. Irwin, Haden and Zill are early varieties which were harvested from May to July. They are usually ripening just before the typhoon season. Addition to their high yield, no fiber, attractive peel color and good quaiity, these three varieties are actually worthy of extension in the southern part of Taiwan. (4) According to the characteristics of the.fruit, a key to these five varieties was obtained.