無機養分對臺灣山蘇花生長之影響

Effect of Mineral Nutrition on Growth of Asplenium nidus

臺灣山蘇花（Asplenium nidus; Bird's-nest fern）幼苗於網室及人工氣候室日／夜溫30／25°C栽植，研究不同無機養分對其生長及礦物成分之影響。於網室進行不同養分濃度試驗，幼苗期每週施2次1/2 Johnson氏完全培養液已能滿足生長需求，植株增大需肥性漸增可施至全濃度營養液。間施Peter's（20N-8.8P-16.6K）高成分可溶性液肥（1g/l）會引起植株葉片邊緣捲縐變形降低品質。秋冬春低溫期氮肥以8mM濃度為宜。在高溫（30/25°C）稍大植株，每周施全濃度培養液2次生育最佳。在低肥下植株葉面積減少，葉色淡，在不施肥下，植株生育緩慢、葉片葉綠素含量減少、葉光合作用下降、呼吸作用上升、葉有壞疽組織且氮和鉀含量很低，為標準缺氮和鉀症狀。磷在養液中含15ppm即足，而鈣和鎂在低肥或缺肥下，均會增加葉組織內鈣和鎂含量。生育良好葉片其葉含氮應在2.0～3.0間，而鉀含量應在4～5%。

The effects of mineral nutrition on growth and mineral composition of Asplenium nidus grown at shadehouse and phytotron at day /night temperature of 30/25°C were studied. The result of different nutrient concentrations experiment at shadehouse indicated that a half-strength of Johnson's nutrient applied twice per week would fit the growth requirement for young plants. Application of high soluble liquid fertilizer Peter's (20N-8.8P-16.6K) produced many curl, deformed fronds and decreased plant quality. The optimum nitrogen requirement for Asplenium nidus was 8 mM application twice per week in winter season. At high temperature (30/25°C), application of a full-strength nutrient twice per week performed the maximum growth for the larger plants. However, at lower nutrieut levels, the growth of fronds in Aspleninm nidus decreased. Under nutrient stress conditions (watering only), the plants showed stunt, chlorotic and necrotic symptoms in fronds. The results indicated the Asplenium nidus had high requirement of nitrogen and potassium. The optimum nitrogen and potassium content in fronds are found at range of 2.0~3.0% and 4~5%, respectively.