馬鈴薯的儲存（一）台灣冷藏馬鈴薯品質調查及附加成本分析

I. Quality Analysis of Cold Stored Potates and Its Additional Costs of Storage in Taiwan

為瞭解臺灣馬鈴薯冷藏之現況及其附加成本，本試驗乃就國內現行採收、包裝（紙箱）及冷藏（2°,85～90% RH）之方式，自72年3月起逐月調查豐原農會冷藏庫馬鈴薯冷藏期間品質的變化，包括腐爛率、發芽率、失重率、醣類及硬度。三種推廣品種（大葉、卡地娜及五峰三號）中，五峰三號的腐爛率最高，且低溫儲存醣類累積較嚴重；大葉及卡地娜儲存至9個月左右，可售率仍在90%以上。若冷藏溫度改成5°C、則卡地娜，大葉及五峰三號相繼於儲存4個月、8個月及5個月，芽明顯抽長，且失重率增加。冷藏期間的附加成本，（包括投資原料利息，附加人工成本及附加冷藏成本），皆逐月計算。

Three potato varieties (CV. Kennebec, Wu-Foon #3, Cardinal) were stored at 2°C, 85~90% RH. The percentage of decay, sprouting, weight loss, and the changes of reducing sugar, total sugar and hardness of tubers were investigated every month for a storage period of nine months. The percentage of decay during storage was found highest in the variety Wu-Foon #3. At low temperature, sugar was accumulated more rapidly in Wu-Foon #3 than in the other two. Therefore, Wu-Foon #3 was not suitable for long-term storage and processing. The salabilities of Kennebec and Cardinal were still above 90% after storage for nine months. The additional costs in potato storage for different period were calculated in this paper (including cold storage cost, labor cost, and the interest of purchasing potato).