柑桔園線蟲問題之探討與展望

Nematode Problems in Citrus Groves: Review and Prospects

線蟲問題為造成目前臺灣柑桔植株壽命日益縮短的主要原因之一。線蟲造成柑桔之根系受阻，連帶使植株產生營養不良、活力衰退及減產的現象。本文就危害本省柑桔最嚴重之柑桔線蟲及根腐線蟲，綜合討論溫度、濕度、土質、生物環境及有機酸對此二種線蟲之影響。並提出解決線蟲問題可由檢疫隔離、改良耕作方式及施用藥劑等各方面著手。長遠之計仍在抗性砧木品種之育成，但尚待進一步之研究。

The nematode is one of the most important factors that shorten the lifespan of citrus in Taiwan. Root system of the host is seriously damaged by the nematode, thus inducing nutrient deficiency, vigor decline, and decreasing the yield. This review was focused on two citrus pathogenic nematodes-citrus nematode and root-lesion nemtede in Taiwan. The possible effects of soil temperature, moisture, texture, biological environment and organic acids on the growth and population of nematodes have been intensively investigated. Six methods of disease control have been discussed in this paper, i.e. sanitation, quarantine procedure, improvement of soil-management, culture practice, plant breeding and chemical application. For the long-term solution, however, it would be best to find a resistant line of rootstock through breeding. Some recommendations have been made.