鳳梨之組織培養繁殖

Tissue Culture Propagation of Pineapple

以關英種鳳梨（Ananas comosus, cv. Smooth Cayenne）老莖上之側芽或冠芽之側芽及莖頂為培植體。培養基照Murashige及Skoog（1962）之鹽類配方，另加thiamine 0.4 mg/e, benzyladenine 2.0 mg/e，配成液體或固體（加agar 7 g/e）培養基，調整pH為5.7。培養在27℃~22℃日夜溫度及每日16小時日光燈照光（150 ft-c）下進行。培養過程分為三階段：（1）芽體增殖：側芽培植體在流體培養基中經旋轉（10 rpm）培養，促進芽體萌發及由葉腋發生癒合組織（callus），分化不定芽，形成芽群。反覆分切再培養，即得多數芽體。（2）將芽群分切移入固體培養基，約經6週，芽體即漸長大成高3~4cm之幼株，但無根。（3）幼株之移植：將長及3~4cm之幼株自培養瓶取出洗淨，以含NAA 0.1%之粉劑處理基部，栽於細碎水苔中，置溫室內噴霧插床下，經約3~4週，發根成活率可達95%。由組織培養所得幼苗之變異性，尚需栽培結實後之觀察。文中曾討論鳳梨品種採用組織培養繁殖之問題。

A tissue culture propagation method was developed for rapid multiplication of pineapple (Ananas comosus, cv. Smooth Cayenne). Explants were taken from axillary buds on rhizome and from shoot tip or axillary buds on crown. Liquid and solid media were used for different stages of culture. The medium consisited of Murashige and Skoog salts (1962), thiamine 0.4 mg/e, benzyladenine 2.0 mg/e, and sucrose 30 g/e. For solid medium, agar was added in 7.0 g/e. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.7 before autoclaving. Cultures were maintained under 27°-22℃ day-night temperature and 16 hrs of light of 150 ft.-c provided daily by white fluorescent tubes. The culture procedure involved three stages: (1) Multiplication of buds. Axillary buds or shoot tips were first cultured in liquid medium under rotation at 10 rpm. Clusters of adventitious and axillary buds were formed four weeks later from the original bud explant. The bud clusters were divided and subcultured for further increase. (2) Growing of young plantlets. After transferring divided bud-cluster to solid medium, adventitious and axillary buds grew into young plantlets of 3 to 4 cm in length within 4 weeks. (3) Transplanting. Young plantlets of 3 to 4 cm were taken out from the culture vessels. Washed and treated with 0.1% NAA in talc as cuttings, and planted in sphagnum moss under mist in greenhouse. Usually more than 95% of the young plantlets rooted within 3-4 weeks. The variability of plants resulted from tissue culture remains to be assessed. Problems related to the use of tissue culture for propagation of the pineapple were discussed.