臺灣原生鐵炮面合（Lilium longiflorum Thunb.）及臺灣百合（L. formosanum Wall.）不同族群結實及種子發芽特性

Seed Production and Germination of Different Populations of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. and L. formosanum Wall. Native in Taiwan

臺灣原生鐵炮百合（Lilium longiflorum Thunb.）及臺灣百合（L. formosanum Wall.）兩種之間結實特性差異大，但皆屬種子豐產者。每一果萊平均種子數，臺灣百合為1528-1952粒，鐵炮百合為920-1018。結子率即果萊內胚種子數，依族群及季節而不同，臺灣百全61-90%，鐵炮百合42-87%。種間種子厚度具顯著差別，此可當兩種間區分之特徵。鐵炮百合種子發芽溫度因族群稍有異，但一般需求冷涼之溫度。對暖溫特別敏感，於18°-20℃便呈熱休眠現象。東北部海岸LD族群發芽溫度在4°-20℃間，適溫為9°-18℃東南部海岸LL族群發芽溫度4°-18℃間，適溫為6°-14℃。適溫經3-5週可完成發芽，於4℃低溫經2-3個月可完全發芽，但子葉不易伸長。臺灣百合形態變異大。不同海拔族群之種子在18℃恆溫照光16小時條件下，海拔1300m之FU族群及2000m之FM族群顯示快速發芽特性，兩週可完成發芽，海拔200m之FT族群需3-4週。FM族群發芽溫度范圍非常大，在4°-25℃間，發芽勢依溫度上升而加，適溫為9°-20℃。FT族群發芽溫度及發芽率群內變化較大，發芽適溫為12°-18℃，在4℃發芽慢而不整齊。變溫並不能改善發芽率，25°-20℃日夜溫為FT族群發芽上限溫度，但幼苗之發育於此變溫較其他變溫為佳。在18°-22℃范圍照光可促進其發芽。

Lilium formosanum could produce high seed yield, the large capsule contained 1528-1952 seeds, the percentage of fertile seed per capsule was in the range of 61-90%. L. longiflorum produced 42-87% fertile seeds per capsule. There were differences in seed set, the fertile seeds per capsule varied in populations and seasons. In this paper, Populations meant that they were collected from different geographical localities in Taiwan, and showed some identifiable differences in hereditary characters. The thickness of seeds of L. formosanum could distinceted from that of L. longiflorum, the former was 0.146-0.157 mm and the latter was 0.221-0.246mm. Cool temperature in the range of 9°-15℃ was necessary for the germination of L. longiflorum while warmer temperature in the range of 9°-22℃ was required for that of L. formosanum Different populations showed some required for that of L. formosanum Different population showed some variation in germination response to temperature, Population LL of L. longiflorum was . collected form southeastern coast of Taiwan would germinate in the range of 4°-18℃ and the optimum was 6°-14℃, at 4℃ it took 2-3 months for complete germination. All the strains of population LL. showed a similar germination response, the strains were distinguished by the color of flower or anther. Population LD was collceted form the northeastern coast of Taiwan, the seeds would germinate in the range of 4°-20℃, and the optimum was 9°-18℃, the speed and percentage of germination of population LD was lower than that of population LL. In Taiwan, L. formosanum showed considerable variation in morphological characters. Population FM was found at an elevation of 2000m, it showed a very wide range of germination temperature such as 4°-25℃, and the optimum was 9°-20℃, the germination speed was promoted by increased temperature, FM showed the most rapid germination rate among the three populations. At 4℃ it still could have a high germination percentage. Population FT was collected at an elevation of 200m. It was more sensitive than population FM at lower or higher temperature. In gerneral, the optimum temperature was 12°-18℃. Lighting could promote the germination speed or increase the upper limit of germination temperature. The effect of day and night alternating temperature on germination was also investigated.