果梅栽培種性狀調查與性狀間的相關性

Characterization and Correlation Study in Mume Cultivars

台灣中部低海拔地區果梅八個栽培種的花期調查，其始花期為12月下旬至1月中旬，盛花期為1月上旬至2月中旬，果實採收期於3月下旬開始至5月上旬結束。梅不同栽培種在自然雜交授粉下，著果率可達29.2%~56.9%，依品種而異。果實性狀主要調查外觀、果肉、核及核仁等可測量與不可測量的性狀共計27個項目。同時利用變方分析探討供試品種間的葉片與果實性狀間的差異性，發現品種間葉片重、葉面積、葉寬、果重、種子重、果高及果寬等差異性皆非常顯著。葉片與果實性狀間的相關性分析：葉片重與葉面積的相關性為0.94，與果重的相關性為0.80，與種子重的相關性為0.72，且其相關都達非常顯著的水準。由試驗結果顯示：凡植株葉片重超過0.47g以上者，其果重可達20g。此一結果可用於實生苗早期篩選，以提高選獲大果種的機會。

Bloom data of eight mume cultivars was investigated in the middle part of Taiwan. Date of start bloom occurred from the end of December till middle of January. The full bloom period began in early January to middle February. Season of available maturity for picking started from the end of March and finished at early of May. Fruit setting percentage of mume cultiavars under natural open pollination was varied from 29.2 % to 56.9%.Mume fruit involving 27 measurable and unmeasured characters were detected and described in the experiment. Biostatistics was used to determine the difference between leaf character and fruit character among the eight cultivars. The results indicated that leaf weight, leaf area, leaf width, fruit weight, seed weight, fruit height and fruit width were very significantly different among the cultivars.The test of correlation coefficient between leaf weight and leaf area was estimated to be 0.94. The correlation coefficients among leaf weight, fruit weight and seed weight were 0.80 and 0.72 respectively. These results revealed if a mume plant its leaf weight more than 0.47g may gain a fruit more than 20g. Apply this result to the early stage of seedling selection may increase the possibility of fruit breeding to obtain the larger fruit of new mume cultivar.