芥菜種子發芽試驗及種子活力檢測

Germination Test and Vigor Detection of Mustard Seeds

不同採收期的20個芥菜品種種子分別進行發芽試驗及種子活力偵測，以探討芥菜種子活力變化情形。結果顯示部分芥菜種子在採收冷藏21個月後開始喪失活力，喪失程度因品種不同差異甚大。老化種子在適當溫度下（24~30℃）依然維持相當高發芽率，但在高溫及低溫下則發芽率明顯下降，尤以低溫對發芽特別不利。利用30℃浸潤12小時處理可明顯縮短發芽始期（T0），並有效提高老化種子於高或低溫下之發芽率；若以30%聚乙二醇（PEG）處理尚可提高幼苗出土率。芥菜種子在浸潤期間電導度、鉀滲漏及鈣滲漏均隨浸潤時間的延長而提高，其中老化種子測值較新種子為高，可利用為偵測芥菜種子活力的簡易指標。

Different seed lots of 20 mustard cultivars were used for germination test and vigor detection to monitor the vigor change of mustard Seeds. Some cultivars started losing the germination ability after 4℃ storage for 21 months, but others remained well. These aging mustard seeds germinated fair at proper temperature (24℃ to 30℃), but neither at high (36℃) nor low (12℃) temperatures, especially for the lower one, A 30℃ imbibition for 12 hours on aging seeds greatly reduced T0 period, and promoted germination percentage at both high and low temperature. Moreover, a seed treatment with 30% PEG significantly improved the emergence percentage. The degree of electric conductivity, potassium leakage and calcium leakage of mustard seeds increased during imbibition. These measurements of aging seeds were higher than those of the fresh seeds, therefore provided an easy detection for seed vigor of mustard.