新種類芽菜之短根培育法

Cultivation of Short-Rooted New Sprouts

近年來本研究室曾篩選10種豆類及6種葉菜類以生產新種類芽菜，結果較為國人所接受之新芽菜計有8種，即紅豆、苜蓿、紅豆、小豆、豌豆、米豆及四季豆共7種豆芽及蘿蔔一種葉菜芽。由於乾四季豆及豇豆售價太貴，且芽體生產亦參差不齊而捨棄外，其餘6種新芽菜皆用已知對綠豆穿縮根有效的三種處理，即1.乙烯氣體；2. 2, 4-D及3.益收生長素（Ethrel），每種芽菜僅在種子吸水33或48小時後用一種化合物處理一次，結果顯示3~10ppm之乙烯在密閉狀態下可以顯著導致6種新芽菜根長及下胚軸長之縮短，但下胚軸直徑顯著增粗。2, 4-D（10~50μM）則可產生根部最短的6種新芽菜。而5~20ppm之益收生長素卻僅能顯著縮短苜蓿、小豆、碗豆及蘿蔔四種芽菜之根長，而對於紅豆及米豆之縮根則屬無效。由於益收生長素可在非密閉狀態下譯放乙烯，但此作用與pH值關係密切，建議使用益收生長素時應注意此溶液不與芽體直接接觸，並須考慮其pH值，則它可能在實際應用上成為極佳之乙烯釋放藥劑，值得進一步探討其實用性。本文之所有結果顯示胚軸通常比根部對乙烯、2, 4-D或益收生長素之處理更為敏惑。目前仍然無法證明2, 4-D或益收生長素處理者其藥物殘留量屬安全範圍的情形，故暫時推薦乙烯處理注以生產短根新芽菜。一旦市場導向需要生產短根新芽菜時，本文可作重要參考，文中並附有乙烯氣體、2, 4-D、及益收生長素對6種新種類芽菜生長之影響數據。

Recently my laboratory has screened 10 beans and 6 leafy vegetables for producing new sprouts. It was found that 8 new sprouts were more acceptable by most people, namely adzuki bean, alfalfa, asparagus bean, black gram, pea, rice bean and snap bean total 7 bean sprouts and radish- the only one leafy vegetable sprout. Due to the extremely high cost for dry snap bean and asparagus beans, and the uneveness of their growth, only the rest 6 kinds of etiolated seedlings were tested for the cultivation of short-rooted sprouts. Three treatments which were very effective for shortening the roots of mungbean sprouts were applied, including a. ethylene gas; b. 2,4-D; and c. Ethrel treatments. All the sprouts were treated with each compound only once after the seed imbibed water for 33 or 48 hrs. The results showed that 3-10 ppm of ethylene could result in the significant decreases of both root and hypocotyl lengthes and increase the hypocotyl diameter of all the 6 kinds of new sprouts in a sealed container. 2,4-D treatment (10-50 μM) produced the shortest roots of the 6 new sprouts. While 5-20 ppm of Ethrel could only significantly shorten the roots of alfalfa, black gram, pea, and radish sprouts, but not effective for adzuki bean in a non-sealed condition, It was suggested that for the application of Ethrel, indirect applicatim (e.g. suspended the solutim for releasing ethylene gas) of this compound, and pH value of the solution should be carefully considered, then Ethrel might be a very useful ethylene generator in practical use. All the results indicated that usually hypocotyls were more sensitive to the treatments of ethylene, 2,4-D or Ethrel than roots. Unless 2, 4-D or Ethrel treatments could prove to be save for their residue was concerned, otherwise, at this stage it was highly recommended to apply ethylene gas for producing short-rooted new sprouts, if it was necessary. The basic information for the effects of ethylene gas, 2,4-D and Ethrel on the growth of 6 kinds of etiolated vegatable seedlings were also provided.