中矮性香蕉種植密度試驗

A Study on Planting Density for Semi-dwarf Banana Cultivars

為瞭解中矮性香蕉在不同種植密度下的表現，乃於1991～93年間在本省屏東縣九如鄉進行本試驗。參試品系包括引自巴貝多斯的Cavendish B.F（現已命名為“台蕉二號＂及引自菲律賓之'Umalag'。種植密度分別為每公頃2,037、2,222、2,469株。於新植世代及宿根第一世代進行生育及果房特性與產量調查、結果顯示在新植世代，本試驗所採用的種植密度對株高，假莖周、總葉片數及生長週期均沒有明顯影響。同樣地，不同種植密度間、單株果手數、果指數及果重也沒有顯著差異。因收獲果數隨密度增加而增加，單位面積產量在高密度種植比植於低密度者約增加10～17%。在宿根世代植株的生育特性受種植密度影響較大。無論在株高及生長週期均隨密度增加而增加。在高密度處理，株高比植於低密度者增加10～20公分，生長週期延長約14～16天。每株果手數沒果指數以種植密度2,222株／公頃為最高，單株果重在Cavendish B.F.的差異不顯著，但在'Umalag'，高密度種植者為21,9公斤比植於低密度者少3公斤。單位面積產量在高密度種植者比低密度者增加8～20%。由本試驗結果推論，在本省種植中矮蕉可提高種植密度至2,400株／公頃，對新植世代及宿根世代的生育及果房特性影響不大大；但面積產量卻明顯增加。利用中矮蕉株高特性，本文建議種植中矮蕉可用兩年耕作制度：第—年以組織培養菌種植，第二年則以宿根種植，可達省工，提高產量及減少病蟲害的目的。

In 1991~93, an experiment was conducted at Chiuju, Pingtung in southern Taiwan to investigate the performance of semi-dwarf cultivars under various levels of planting density. Two cultivars, namely Cavendish B. F. (registered as 'Tai-Chiao No. 2') from Barbados and 'Umalag' from Philippines were used. Density treatments were 2037, 2222 and 2469 plants per hectre. Data were taken in the plant and the first ratoon crops. In the plant crop, it was shown that no significant influence was observed in plant height, plant girth and total leaf number by different levels of density used in this experiment. It is also found that the number of hands/plant and fingers/plant and the bunch weight were not significantly different among different treatments. Because of the higher number of bunches harvested, yield (tons/ha) was significantly increased by 10~17% in the high density plots. In the ratoon crop, greater influence of plant density on growth characteristics was observed. Plant heigh and the length of crop cycle was increased as the dinsity increased. When the density was 2469 plants/ha, plant height and crop cycle were 10~20 cm and 14~16 fingers/plant were found when the density was 2222 plants/ha. The difference in bunch weight among treatments in Cavendish B. F. was not significant. But in 'Umalag', the bunch weight in the high density treatment was 21.9 kg which was 3 kg less than that in the lower density treatments. In terms of yield, it was higher in the high density treatment than in the low density treatment by 8~20%. From this experiment, the plant density of semi-dwarf cultivars can be increased upto 2400 plants/ha in southern Tawan without adverse effect in both plant and ratoon crops. On the other hand, higher density gives significantly higher production per unit area, It is suggested that by growing semi-dwarf cultivars, one can practise a 2-year cropping cycle plant crop using tissue culture plantlets in the year and ratoon crop in the second year. By this system, advantages of labor saving, higher production and better pest and disease management can be achieved.