採收時期及採收法對太空包栽培靈芝產量與外觀品質之影響

Effects of Harvesting Stage and Harvesting Method on the Fruiting Body Production and External Quality of Ganoderma in PP Bag Cultivation

本文以太空包法培養靈芝，比較手拔法與剪菇腳法二種採收法對靈芝 子實體中期與後期成熟度對子實體產量與外觀品質之影響。本試驗在83年2月15日共接種300包太空包，31天後菌絲已蔓延一次，選出196包未被雜菌感染之太空包進行四組處理，所謂中期靈芝係指七分熟，孢子尚未落下之靈芝，老期靈芝指子實體已變成咖啡色者，分別以手拔法或剪腳法採收子實體，結果如下：甲組：用手拔法共培養94天，可產老期靈芝2,156g，可售2,102元（計每公斤975元）。平均每太空包可以生產新鮮靈芝44g。乙組：用剪腳法共94天，可產老期靈芝2,107g，售2,054元，平均每太空包可以生產新鮮靈芝43g。丙組：用手拔法共培養69天，可產中期靈芝l,715g，售4,181元（每公斤 2,438元）。平均每太空包可以生產新鮮靈芝35g。丁組：用剪腳法可在培養69天、87天、106天及124天時，分別採收四次靈芝，分別可產l,764g、l,666g、l,372g及490g靈芝子實體，合計生產5,292g中期靈芝，售12,902元。平均每太空包可以生產新鮮靈芝108g。本文由生產指數結果可知丙組所產中期靈芝產量最低，甲乙組採收之老期靈芝可比中期靈芝（丙組）增加23～26%重量，但比較其子實體直徑及厚度，則知以乙組（剪腳法，老期靈芝）最大也最厚。丙、丁組則直徑較小，厚度也較小，但因其藥效佳，反而收益較高。本試驗證實以剪腳法可比手拔法生產較多中期靈芝，計增產209%，其秘訣極簡單，即為：使用剪腳法在靈芝七分熟時採收，如此一包太空包即可採收四次之多，為業者增加收益。

Effects of harvesting stage and harvesting method on the fruiting body production and external quality of Ganoderma in PP bag cultivation were compared. The experiment was started with the inoculation of Ganoderma spawn in 300 PP bags on Feb. 15th, 1994. After 31 days, when the mycelia were fully grown, 196 bags of non-contaminated Ganoderma were chosen for the following 4 treatments. Each treatment contained 49 bags of Ganoderma. Middle-stage maturity mean the Ganoderma fruiting body was about 70% maturity, without the dispersion of spore yet. While late-stage maturity showed that all the fruiting bodies were covered with spores and became brown (coffee) color. The harvesting method included free hand-picking method and cutting method. The results showed as follows: Treatment A: For a total of 94 days cultivation, free hand-picking method was applied for late-stage maturity Ganoderma and produced fruiting body 2,156g and valued 2,102 NT dollars (975 NT$/kg). The average Ganoderma fruiting body production for each bag was 44g. Treatment B: For a total of 94 days cultivation, cutting method for late-stage maturity Ganoderma and produced fruiting body 2,107g, valued 2,054 NT$. Each bag produced 43g in average. Treatment C: For a total of 69 days, free hand-picking method could produce middle-stage maturity Ganoderma l,715g and valued 4,181 NT$ (2,438 NT$/kg). The average Ganoderma fruiting body production for each bag was 35g. Treatment D: Cutting method could harvest fruiting body on the 69th, 87th, 106th, and 124th day of cultivation for 4 flushes, and produced l,764g, l, 666g, l,372g and 490g of Ganoderma fruiting body accordingly. Thus, the total Ganoderma fruiting body production for middle-stage maturity was 5,292g and valued 12,902 NT$. Treatment C produced the lowest amount of middle-stage maturity fruiting body, while treatment A and B both late-stage maturity production of fruiting body were 23~26% more than that of C (middle-stage maturity). But treatment B (late-stage maturity) showed to be the highest for the fruiting body diameter and thickness. Although middle stage fruiting bodies production in treatment C and D showed smaller diameter and lower in thickness, but higher commercial value was resulted. This is due to people preferred to buy middle-stage fruiting body for medical purposes. The result indicated that cutting method could proudce 209% more middle stage maturity Ganoderma fruiting body than free hand-picking method. The key point for success was very simple: using cutting method to harvest middle-stage maturity Ganoderma fruiting body, then could harvest 4 flushes in each PP bag cultivation, and this practice would be beneficial to the growers.