果梅開花與結實的生理研究

Physiological Studies on Flowering and Fruiting of Mume Trees

The blooming, fruit growth and development of mume were studied at two locations during different growth stage and the climatological data were recorded. The occurrance of imperfect flowers in mume varied in cultivars. 'Chang-teng'(長藤) which prone to imperfect flower formation had degenerated pistils at a rate as high as 15.8 %, while 'Taur-hsing-mei'(桃形梅) had only 3%. The pistil length varied from 0 to 0.6 cm in degenerated flowers. The transitional pistil length for functional flowers was between 0.6 1 and 0.8 cm. Pistils longer than 0.8 cm developed to set fruit normally. The pistil of normal flower could reach 1.35 cm in length. The yields of 3 different cultivars of mume were investigated for 3 years. The results of combined ANOVA over 3 years indicated significant interaction between years and cultivars. It also indicated the phenomenon of on-year and off-year in fruit production. The significant yield difference among cultivars revealed that the yield potential depended on both the cultivars and age of the plant. During growing season, the size and the weight of lateral buds of new shoot did not change until late Auguest. In the meantime, the total carbohydrates remaimed almost the same level. A peak occurred in October when buds started dormancy, and a significantly rapid decline followed in November, a month prior to blooming. The pattern of nitrogen change was similar to that of carbohydrates. The decreasing of these two compositional materials was accompanied with the increasing in bud size and bud weight during plant dormancy.