茶樹芽體分化與發育之觀察研究

Bud Differentiation and Development of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze.)

茶樹的腋芽捨內含2枚鱗片、2枚花芽原體與2-3枚葉原體的混合芽。其營養芽原體的生長點或及第一枚鱗片原體，初現在露白芽體生長點下第三枚，或頂芽生長點下第四枚未展葉的基部，此後鱗片原體與葉原體的產生將與展葉速度同步進行，直到展葉後、新芽誕生時才停止。花芽原體則初現於第二枚展開葉之腋芽的第一枚鱗片基部，其分化的速度和方式與營養芽相同；在同一輪抽梢期中，將在2枚鱗片基部完成2枚苞片原體的分化，至此腋芽分化完成。在考蠢花芽原體形成至心芽停止生長的冬季低溫、短日下，並參酌各季自然狀態與給予部分處理後，花芽所產生逆分化、流失與發育的表現後，作者認為：茶樹的花芽分化有既定的流程與時間的限制，平衡的生長韻律與植體內養分對花芽持續有效的供給，才是花芽原體及花芽能否完成進一步發育的重要關鍵。至於茶樹短日開花量較多·僅是其他時期花芽分化流程被中斷，或因養分競爭失敗，導致花芽原體或花芽枯萎所致的對比。

Tea plant has l! polycyclic growth habit capable of multiple growth flushes each year. Each of the compound axillary buds is abbreviated and capable of continuous differentiation. An axillary bud is normally composed of two scale primordia, two flowers and two to three leaf primordia. In spring, the number of leaf primordia increases rapidly during bud swelling with up to six leaf primordia at bud break In the differentiation of a primary axillary bud, the scale and leaf primordium meristems are visible at the base of the third and fourth folded leaf from the growing apex; this differentiation continues until the new leaf is completely unfolded. The flower primordium appears at the base of the first scale in the axillary of the second unfolded leaf, and has a similar differentiation rate as the vegetative primordia. Two bract primordia are also formed at the base of the scales. Considering the initiation of flower bud primordium has been terminated after apex bud ceased to grow in the short daylight and low emperature of winter, and conditions have mentioned in this article. Therefore, authors believe that inspite of tea bud having its own differentiating scheme and was time-limited, continuous and stable nutrient supply from the plant and balance of growth rhythm are critical to the full development of flower buds. As to the plenty amount of tea flowers in short day-length is due to the interruption of flowering scheme and nutrition competition in other seasons.