臺糖Taisuco白花蝴蝶蘭之發展

Development of White Taisuco Phalaenopsis

民國七十七年台糖研究所成立園藝系，並隨即展開蝴蝶蘭的育種工作，十年間以台灣糖業公司（Iaiwan訕gar C.C沖oration）命名的Taisuco蝴蝶蘭雜交種蜚聲國際，其中Taisuco白花蝴蝶蘭是主要的成就之一。種原收集是育種工作的第一步，歷年來共收集417個來自國內外的白花蝴蝶蘭營養系，目前共保存其中314個。收集的種原經過調查、評估與利用，共完成520個育種用雜交組合，其中有46.2%的組合可成功得到種子育成後代。Taisuco白花蝴蝶蘭的育種目標是易栽培、大花、整型、質佳、多花、抗病及族群表現均一，到民國八十七年為止，總共有30個雜交種包括Taisuco Koch汕an, Taisuco Windian等登錄於英國皇家園藝學會的Sander's List ,目前商業生產中的Taisuco白花蝴蝶蘭雜交種共有12個。透過蘭花展覽和評審，台糖公司將Taisuco白花蝴蝶蘭的優良品質介紹給國內外，並且得到超過36個獎項的肯定，包括美國蘭藝協會五次銀牌獎（AM）和三次銅牌獎（HCC）,以及第14屆世界蘭展的銀牌獎。系譜分析的結果顯示各個Taisuco白花蝴蝶蘭的親緣相當的類似，目前商業生產中的12個Taisuco白花蝴蝶蘭雜交種，其遺傳的背景主要來自七個親本，包括Taisuco Koch汕an, Atien Nasu, Nebula, Taisuco Bright, Taisuco Kaaladian, Taisuco Windian和Winter Kaala往前追溯其最原始的野生親緣，僅包括三個原種（species）。而且這三個原種對目前12個Taisuco白花蝴蝶蘭商業品種所貢獻的遺傳成分，僅限定在一個狹窄的範圍內變動，Pha/aenopsis amabi/is（39.11 o/o-42. I 9%）, Phal. rimestadiana（37.643/cr--39.22%）and Phal. aphrodite（15.363/cr-17. 74%）。在原種和Taisuco白花蝴蝶蘭雜交種的親本間是由Doris, Winged Victory, Grace Palm, Vallehigh, Kochs Schneestern, Meridian和Mount Kaala等傳遞其遺傳成分。

In 1988, the Department of Horticulture was established at the Taiwan Sugar Research Institute (TSRI), Taiwan Sugar Corporation (TSC). Phalaenopsis breeding program was initiated for the establishment of Phalaenopsis business. Within ten years, the breeding of white Taisuco Phalaenopsis varieties has been the main achievement and well known over the world. Germplasm exploration was the first step to proceed this program: Out of 417 white Phalaenopsis clones collected from both Taiwan and foreign countries with various plant types, 314 clones were preserved at TSRI. After investigation and evaluation of each individual clone, a total of 520 hybridizations were conducted. However, only 46.2% cross combinations were successful in producing viable seeds. The breeding program for white Taisuco Phalaenopsis was aimed on the market demands with large, round shape, solid texture, multiflower and uniform population. Up to 1998, a total of 30 hybrids, including Taisuco Kochidian, Taisuco Windian etc. were registered as Taisuco hybrids in Sander's List of Orchid Hybrids RHS: Currently 12 hybrids are in production for the market. By attending , exhibitions, we had good opportunities to demonstrate the excellent qualities of white Taisuco Phalaenopsis to the orchid world. More than 36 awards have been recovered for white Taisuco Phalaenopsis till 1998, including five AM, three HCC from AOS, and SM from 14th WOC. The pedigree analysis suggested that common genetic background is present in white Taisuco Phalaenopsis hybrids. Most of the 12 popular commercial hybrids were the progenies of seven clones including Taisuco Kochdian, Atien Nasu, Nebula, Taisuco Bright, Taisuco Kaaladian, Taisuco. Windian and Winter Kaala. Their genetic constitutions can be traced back to three species including Phal. amabilis (39.11 o/o-42.19%), Phal. rimestadiana (37.64o/o-39.22%) and Phal. aphrodite (15.36o/o-l 7.74%). The genetic contribution from three species to later hybrids, including Doris, Grace Palm, Winged Victory, Mount Kaala, Meridian and Kochs Schneestem, and etc., and even up to current commercial varieties, is evident. We should be aware of the depression effect due to inbreeding. More clones with different genotypes should be introduced for further breeding.