茶樹自交不親和現象之觀察

Observation of the Self-incompatibility Phenomenon of Tea

由＇台茶12號與青心烏龍種茶樹，於十一至十二月田間人工自交後花粉管之生長觀察結果，顯示在柱頭上有花粉不萌發、花粉管逆向生長或生長受阻之現象；而在有溫度及濕度控制的生長箱中，以瓶插方式於授粉，則花粉管在花柱中生長良好。於人工氣候室30/25、25/20、20/15 C控溫溫室中進行瓶插授粉試驗，顯示在高溫下自交花粉管的生長速率較快，且高溫使有花粉管生長進入胚珠的花朵比例增加，可明顯看出茶樹之自交不親和性，隨溫度之提高而減弱。此外藉由自交及雜交授粉後，花粉管生長的比較可看出，雖然少部分自交的花粉管生長到達花柱基部後，會有末端膨大彎曲的情形，但大多數自交及雜交的花粉管，在授粉後18小時內均能正常生長至花柱基部，但卻以異交授粉的胚珠，有花粉管生長進入的比例明顯較高。顯示自交後花粉管生長，在花柱末端及子房腔中會受到抑制，而無法到達胚珠，即使可長到胚珠附近，其受精之比例亦偏低。

The cross-pollination of TIES No. 12 and Chin-Hsin Oolong in field condition showed that some cross­pollen did not germinated on stigma, pollen tube had retrospective or repressed growth in the style. However, when pollen tubes growing under controlled temperature and wet condition, they can grow very well. A experiment, proceeded in phytotron with the temperature of 30/25°C, 25/20°C and 20/l 5°C, shows that the growth rate of pollen tubes was faster and the percentage they grow into ovules was higher under high temperature condition than low temperature condition. Furthermore, by comparing pollen tube growth of self- and cross-pollination the pollen tube would grew to the base of the style in both cases. However, the rate was higher for the cross-pollination in pollen tube growing into the ovules, and a small part of pollen tube tips of self-pollination would distort or swell and bend in the base of the style. This result shows pollen tube growth of self-pollination would be retarded at the base of the style and the space of ovary.