香蕉花藥癒合組織的誘導

Callus Induction from Musa Anthers

本研究探討不同品種，培養基及植物生長素對香蕉花藥培養癒合組織誘導的影響。試驗結果摘要如下：1.香蕉花藥培養癒合組織分初生及次生兩種。初生癒合組織在接種後三至五星期出現，發生頻率可達50%，為膨鬆不規則細胞團，不久即褐化。次生癒合組織在接種後四至五個月發生，發生頻率較低，約1-3%，為細小緊密、黃白色細胞團，較具分生潛力。2.在測試的八個品種中，初生癒合組織的發生頻率以AA基因型的Pisang Lilin（29.4%）及Pisang Mas（14.4%）最高，其次為具A基因組的三或四倍體的栽培種，而具B基因組的品種（Ney Poovan及M. balbisiana）最低。3.比較不同培養基，以N6及B5誘導初生癒合組織的效果比MS為佳，若以0.2%水晶洋菜代替洋菜為凝固劑，有促進癒合組織發生的效果。4.加添植物生長素有促進初生及次生癒合組織誘導的作用。於N6培養基中添加2mg／l picloram或dicamba，次生癒合組織的發生率分別為3.5及3.3%比2,4D（0.08%）及NAA（0.0%）為佳。癒合組織的器官分化有待進一步研究。

The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of banana varieties, culture media and growth regulators on the callus induction from Musa anthers. The following is summary of the results: 1. Two types of calli, namely primary callus and secondary callus were induced from banana anther culture. Primary calli appeared about three to five weeks after culture. They occurred at a high frequency (upto 50%) as soft, yellowish white, friable cell masses which soon turned brown. Secondary calli were found at a low frequency (1-3%) four to five months after culture. These were small, solid and yellowish white cell mass of various shapes with higher potential of differentiation. 2. Among 8 Musa varieties tested, the frequency of primary callus formation were highest in diploid cultivars, Pisang Lilin (29.4 %) and Pisang Mas (14.4%), followed by tripoid (AAA) and tetraploid (AAAA) genotypes and in varieties containing the B genome (including Ney Poovan and Musa balbisiana) were the lowest. 3. In comparing different basic media, it was found that the effect on induction of primary callus in medium with basic salts of N6 and B5 was better than MS. The use of gelrite (0.2 %) instead of agar as solidifying agent gave better results in callus induction. 4. Addition of auxins to culture media could also increase the frequencies of primary and secondary callus formation. The frequencies of secondary callus in N6 medium with 2 mg/l picloram or dicamba were 3.5 and 3.3 %, respectively, and was higher than that of 2,4D (0.08 %) and NAA (0.0 %). Organogensis from calli was not observed in this study and requires further investigation.