豌豆產量生理研究III.莢果大小與乾物質累積性狀

Studies on the Yield Physiology of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)lll. Dimensions and Dry Matter Accumulation of the Developing Pods

採用豌豆嫩莢用品種臺中11號與臺中12號、甜脆型品種新珍與豆仁用品種青仁為材料，於民國77年與78年秋作進行田間試驗。以植株基部算起第20-23節之4個節位為對象，在始花時標示同日開花花朵，定期取樣，至始花後第37日（77年）或41日（78年）為止，調查莢果大小與莢壁及種子之鮮重與乾重變化，藉以瞭解豌豆之產量生理表現。各類型品種之莢果均依長、寬及厚之順序發育；與新珍及青仁品種比較，臺中11號與12號的莢果長度發育較早，寬度及厚度發育較慢，在最後採收期亦具有較大的莢果長度，及較小的寬度與厚度。豆仁用品種青仁的莢果鮮重及乾重最高，莢果進入直線充實期的時間較早，也具有較高之最大充實速率；臺中11號與臺中12號的莢果充實性狀表現相近。除新珍外，其他品種的莢壁乾重在充實過程中大幅下降，顯示乾物質再轉移至種子。臺中11號與12號每莢種子數高於新珍與青仁品種，但平均每粒種子鮮重及乾重則較低；青仁品種的平均粒重最高，亦具有較長之種子充實期。以logistic函數法計算，得知莢果或種子到達二分之一最高乾重及表現最高乾物質累積速率的時間完全相同；分析各品種莢果與種子到達二分之一最高乾物重時間，得知全莢果之發育早於種子之充實，其時間差距以青仁品種最為明顯。臺中11號與12號莢果鮮重增加速率以開花後第3週以前最高，種子乾物質累積速率以開花後第2-4週最高，可供為栽培及採種時之參考。

Pea cultivars Taichung 11, Taichung 12, Sugar Snap, and Dark Skinned Perfection, representing three different types of the crop, were grown in the fall crop of 1988 and 1989. Flowers bloomed at the 20th to 23rd nodes from the base on the same day were tagged and characteristics related to the dimensions and dry matter accumulation of pods and seeds were investigated at intervals for a period of 37-41days. The development of pods followed the order of length, width, and thickness for all cultivars. Compared to Sugar Snap and Dark Skinned Perfection, cultivars Taichung 11 and Taichung 12 were quicker in pod length development but slower in pod width and thickness development. With the only exception of Sugar Snap, the dry weight of pod wall of the other three cultivars decreased significantly during pod-filling, indicating redistribution of constituents to the developing seeds. Seed numbers per pod were higher but fresh weight and dry weight per seed were lower for Taichung 11 and Taichung 12 than those for Sugar Snap and Dark Skinned Perfection. Dark Skinned Perfection had the highest fresh and dry weights on a per pod or per seed basis, a result of early occurrence of linear pod-filling and higher filling rate. Analysis by logistic function indicated that the time needed to reach 1/2 maximum dry weight was earlier for whole pods than for seeds, and the time difference was most significant for Dark Skinned Perfection. For both Taichung 11 and Taichung 12 cultivars, the rate in fresh weight increase of pods was higher during the first 3 weeks after flowering and the rate in dry weight increase of seeds was higher between 2 to 4 weeks after flowering.