翻譯、詮釋與跨國傳播：張愛玲《海上花列傳》譯註及其戰後美援接受史

Translating and Transmitting Oblivion: Eileen Chang's Versions of Sing-song Girls of Shanghai

張愛玲的《海上花列傳》國、英語譯註為其1950年代離滬赴美後的重要翻譯作品。此兩部作品不僅是張愛玲少數古典說部的譯註之作，張愛玲從著手翻譯到完工的三十年時段更與冷戰時期重疊，顯示了其譯書過程與冷戰語境產生的連繫。著眼《海》譯註的特殊性，並關注此兩部譯作在產生、翻譯過程、傳播與接受脈絡與冷戰語境的關係，本文旨以翻譯研究的角度，探勘張愛玲在《海》國、英譯本的譯者實踐，並探討此雙語譯本在戰後港、臺美援語境下的傳播歷程與衍生效應。探討架構上，本文第一部分論析張愛玲《海》國、英語譯本的翻譯策略，探討張愛玲對原著的改寫、重置與再創造。第二部分自文本與文脈關係角度，探論張愛玲《海》譯本透過譯者的詮釋脈絡，而後經由冷戰語境港、臺美援文藝政策之外緣機制的跨國文學―翻譯―學術網路，為《海》譯註帶來從翻譯到衍繹的語言踐行效應。本文指出，張愛玲《海上花列傳》譯註以對原著的創造性詮釋，不僅將《海》重置為以女性為主題的文本，更將此部小說重塑為人情說部史的愛情經典。張愛玲的《海》譯本並通過冷戰時代語境的跨國傳播與建置，造就其文學地位在當代以降被賦予文本美學、城市文化與現代性意義，而當中，戰後港、臺學界於美援文藝體制下所形塑西化中產文化勢力為主導的菁英學院派及批評觀念，正是此書經典化過程的幕後關鍵推手。

Eileen Chang's 張愛玲 Mandarin and English translations of Han Bangqing's 韓邦慶 Sing-song Girls of Shanghai 海上花列傳 are among her most important works after her departure from Hong Kong for the U.S. in the 1950s. Their significance stems not only from the fact that annotated translations of Chinese classical novels are a literary form rarely seen in Chang's oeuvre, but also because these two translations have played an important role in the reception history of the late-Qing novel. This article examines how Chang re-interprets Sing-song Girls via her translations; in particular, how she advocates for the depiction of everyday life and focuses on the theme of love. It further investigates the transmission and reception of Chang's translations in the context of U.S. aid policy during the Cold War, and analyzes how westernized intellectuals have shaped the canonization of Sing-song Girls through their academic and critical networks. Going beyond the original text, Chang's translations, as well as paratextual elements like annotations, truncations and other relevant alterations, have worked together to add to the importance of translational practice in literary historiography and cultural exchange.