方以智《瞻旻》的亂離書寫與孤臣心志

The Writing of Diaspora and the Mind of a Self-reliant Minister in Jan-min by Fang Yi-zhi

方以智詩集《瞻旻》取瞻仰上天之意，此集作於崇禎十七年（順治元年，1644）三月到弘光元年（順治二年，1645）初之間，寫作時間雖短，但卻是易代之際的亂離書寫，值得仔細閱讀。本文先由北京陷落時的〈紀難〉詩論起，探求方以智在天地崩裂之際，如何選擇未來的生命方向；其次，再由〈哀哉行〉、〈示同行二客〉、〈告哀詩〉諸作，體會方以智從北京亡命南京，所承受的種種波折與苦難；接著續論〈侘傺詩〉，詩作敘述方以智於南京、廣州之間，秉持著孤臣之心，等待奇寃的昭雪；最後以〈見姚有僕〉詩為證，寫給友人姚奇胤的詩歌中，方以智更以孤臣心志期望國家能由悲愍秋日轉為光明的春天。

Fang Yi-zhi's poetry collection, Jan-min, is named by using the meaning of paying respect to the providence. This collection was written from March in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen's reign (the first year of Shunzhi's reign, 1644) to the early first year of Hongguang's reign (the second year of Shunzhi's reign, 1645). Although this period is short, the writing is associated to diaspora during the change of two dynasties. Therefore, it is worth reading with detail. Our essay first discusses Jinan, which records the occupation of Beijing, exploring how Fang Yi-zhi chooses his direction for the future when he is in a critical situation. Second, through Ai-zai Verse, For Two Companions, Gao-ai Poem, we experience the hardship that Fang Yi-zhi suffers while fleeing from Beijing to Nanjing. Then, we consider Cha-chi Poem. It describes how Fang Yi-zhi upholds his mind of being a self-reliant minister while sticking around in Nanjing and Guangzhou, waiting for chances to prove his innocent. Finally, using Meet Yao You-pu as evidence, we see that in the poem written for his friend, Yao Chi-yin, Fang Yi-zhi carries the mind of a self-reliant minister, wishing his country could finally reach a brighter future.