《戚南塘剿平倭寇志傳》襲用戚繼光兵書之考析

A Study of the Copying Content from the Military Book Written by Qi Ji Guang in Qi Ji Guang Exterminating Japanese Pirates

本文以明代小說《戚南塘剿平倭寇志傳》為考察對象，通過與兩種戚繼光（1528－1588）撰寫的兵書比對，修正前人對兩者的關係之描述，指出現存的《戚南塘剿平倭寇志傳》殘本只襲用《紀效新書》文句，而具體的襲用方式，則是照錄原文、摘錄及改寫兼而有之。在確認兩者的關係後，本文從文學文獻學角度出發，提出《戚南塘剿平倭寇志傳》襲用《紀效新書》文句此一考析結果，既能有助推定《戚南塘剿平倭寇志傳》的成書時間上限為不早於嘉靖三十九年（1560），同時又能為更好地理解小說文本的個別文句，提供可靠的文獻基礎。此外，本文又以《戚南塘剿平倭寇志傳》襲用同時代兵書為例子，考察文學類圖籍與應用類圖籍的結合情況，並從外在與內在兩方面，解釋該小說沿用明代小說一貫的戰爭描寫方式，既因兵家秘不示人的做法令小說編撰者無法尋得參考素材，也由於通俗小說的創作傳統與本質，始終是文本呈現方式的決定因素。

Based on the comparison between Qi Ji Guang Exterminating Japanese Pirates, a novel of the Ming Dynasty, and two military books written by Qi Ji Guang (1528-1588), this paper revises the previous view from other scholars. It points out that the remnant of the novel only copied the content from Ji Xiao Xin Shu in various forms, such as copying or extracting the original texts, as well as adapting. After clarify the relationship between the two books, this paper proposes that Ji Xiao Xin Shu, as part of the original text of the novel, is not only an evidence to prove the date of composition for Qi Ji Guang Exterminating Japanese Pirates cannot be earlier than 1560, but also a reliable source for better understanding individual sentences in the novel. In addition, taking Qi Ji Guang Exterminating Japanese Pirates as an example, this paper also argues that it gives us a chance to investigate the combination of literary and applied books, and examine why the novel describes war affairs in a formulaic way similar to other Ming Dynasty novels. In terms of external factor, since ancient strategists tended to keep the secret away from the readers, novel authors were hard to get any reference from the military books. In terms of internal factor, the writing tradition and essence of the popular novels is always the determinant of the way how the text is presented.