從教師專業發展角度看中國大陸公開課的影響與爭議

On the effect and dispute of the open class in mainland China from the perspective of teachers' professional development

研究聚焦教師薪酬與臺灣相近的中國廣東省，用深度訪談的方式，理解、探究公開課與教師專業發展的聯繫以及在操作中的影響與爭議。研究發現中國大陸的公開課提供了專業對話的平臺以及情感支持的氛圍，初步產生專業互助成長的教師文化。但公開課在人選、動機、過程三個方面存在爭議：給予中青年教師成長機會與資深教師專業發展的不利氛圍的爭議；外在利益讓老師主動參加與削弱老師的內在發展動力的爭議；準備過程中老師產生行動研究的專業學習與影響學生的學習成效的爭議。原因為公開課的機制屬於「組織內向」的專業發展方式，隱藏著「教師能力不足」的觀念，讓教師產生壓迫與挫折感。最後對臺灣中小學的「公開觀課與議課」制度給予相關建議。

This study focuses on Guangdong Province which is similar to Taiwan on the treatment of teachers, understands the relationship between the open class and the teacher's professional development deeply,explores the significance and influence of the open class in practice by deep interview. The study found that the open class in mainland China has a great influence and help for the professional development of teachers,especially for the professional development of new teachers. Because the open class provides a platform for colleagues to exchange professional knowledge,learn and reflect,as well as the atmosphere of emotional support,it can promote teachers to precept themselves(advantages and disadvantages)and reflect(teaching behavior, belief, etc.)so as to improve teaching,form a professional community with common purpose and mutual support and form the teacher culture of mutual help and growth in profession initially. At the same time,there are disputes in participants,motivation,preparation and the process of viewing,including the open class provides young and middle-aged teachers more opportunities for professional development and exercise, but causes a disadvantageous atmosphere for the professional development of senior teachers; although the external interests brought by the open class can promote teachers to participate actively,it weakens the inner power of teachers' professional development;in addition, the open class stimulates the teacher to produce a professional study of action research in the process of preparation, it may also have an impact on the effectiveness of the students' learning. The reason why the open class causes disputes is that the mechanism for the open class belongs to the''organization in''mode of teachers' professional development. From the root,the open class mechanism conceals the development concept of ''teachers are lack of ability'', negative effects on the open class are produced. In the end, the study provides some suggestions for the ''public class viewing and class discussion'' system in Taiwan's school and the follow-up study.