文化旅遊與地方發展－－以「中國第一水鄉」周莊為例

Cultural Tourism and Local Development: A Case Study of 'No.1 Water Town of China' Zhouzhuang

改革開放後，80年代蘇南地區鄉鎮企業發展曾備受矚目，但在工業化浪潮退去後，部分未受波及的小城鎮，以其保護完好的歷史風貌與文化氛圍，成功打造「江南古鎮」文化旅遊事業，作為90年代地方再發展的契機。本文以「中國第一水鄉」周莊近代地方發展為研究案例，探討文化旅遊及歷史襲產對地方發展的影響，尤其關注地方產權體制與政府職能變遷，並藉此分析地方政府與不同部門（企業、居民與規劃者等）競合與折衝之政治經濟過程。本文認為，周莊近代文化旅遊崛起的發展經驗，不僅是蘇南鄉鎮企業的另類模式，以「保護作為發展」的路徑在當前中國「創造性破壞」與貧富懸殊的矛盾裡，具有一定之對照與反思意義。

The author is interested in clarifying the mechanisms of ”cultural tourism” that dictates local development and structural change since the Reforms in Mainland China. The research takes the historical preservation and tour development process of ”No.1 Water Town of China” Zhouzhuang as an example. Based on the revival of local culture and the reestablishment of tourism industry, this paper probes into topics on the political process that the conflicts and influences between various actors, includes local government, enterprises, and planners. Furthermore, we hope the experience of tourism and historical preservation of Zhouzhuang could be an alternative choice in contemporary China.